Brat On Presidential Immunity: “No Evidence” President Trump Will Overreach After Immunity Ruling


Posted originally on Rumble By Bannons War Room on: July 02, 2024 at 09:00 am EST

Free Steve Bannon! | The Interview that made him a marked man | TO THE FED!


Posted originally on Rumble By Bannons War Room on: July 02, 2024 at 07:00 am EST

Trump’s Sentencing Called in Question Moved to September


Posted originally on Jul 2, 2024 By Martin Armstrong 

Bragg Merchan

We have a MOST interesting problem in this New York case where Trump was found guilty on 34 counts concerning the falsified documents that were created in 2017, while President Trump was in office as President. Trump’s lawyers are NOT arguing that the Trump Organization checks the president signed were official duties. However, the prejudice of the prosecutor and the pretend acting judge have created a problem that may require the dismissal of the conviction.

In March 2024, Trump’s attorneys moved to limit the scope of evidence to exclude the president’s official acts. Acting judge Merchan denied the motion, claiming it was “untimely.” This questionable judge responded that he could rule on objections based on presidential immunity during the trial. In addition, this conflicted prosecutor, Bragg, presented prejudicial statements and evidence that were presented by the district attorney at trial. The Prosecution described an event in the Oval Office as “devastating” and introduced statements by the president and witness testimony about working for the president in the White House. None of this would be permitted under the Supreme Court ruling. This official-acts evidence should never have been put before the jury, and this quest to find Trump guilty by any means is starting to backfire. All of this is because, to convert a misdemeanor to a felon, they used the Federal Election of 2016, and that led to introducing even official acts in the White House.

The Supreme Court held that a president “may not be prosecuted for exercising his core constitutional powers, and he is entitled, at a minimum, to a presumptive immunity from prosecution for all his official acts.” Prosecutors would have to rebut the presumptive immunity for official acts before he could be charged for them.

Acting Judge Merchan has ordered that the sentencing of former President Donald Trump will be postponed from July 11th, which was timed for the Republican Convention to create as much chaos as possible, to September 18, 2024, at 10:00 AM “for the imposition of sentence, if such is still necessary, or other proceedings.” I think a first-semester law student would have to conclude that, at the very minimum, this will be a mistrial, and Constitutionally, it is doubtful that this prosecution is even valid.

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Our computer has been showing all year that Sepetember would be a Panic Cycle, and we are looking at some major event unfolding then. It may be more related to politics in the United States than geopolitical matters.

Key Biden Control Officer Says Kamala Harris “Must NOT Be Worked Around” if Biden Removes Himself


Posted originally on the CTH on July 2, 2024 | Sundance 

James Clyburn and Barack Obama are the two democrats who could unilaterally remove Joe Biden by withdrawing their support.  It must frustrate Jill Biden to know The Lightbringer and the Ballot Master have that kind of leverage over her appointments at Tiffanys.

As a result of this dynamic, we remind everyone to pay close attention to how Clyburn and Obama are indicating their position.

Additionally, it is worth remembering how Obama and Clyburn agreed on Kamala Harris as the VP selection in 2020, and informed Joe Biden who would be on his ticket.  The Jussie Smollet operation was still active when Kamala was installed with Biden.

During an MSNBC interview today, James Clyburn expressed support for Kamala Harris to ascend the top of the ticket if Biden makes the decision to remove himself.

Keep in mind, Biden will not quit. The decision to exit will be made for Biden, and within the departure process all deference will be given to the Biden group to shape their exit.

The Obama/Clyburn professionally Democratic power brokers within the DNC collective will make the decision; Biden will just be given the opportunity to make it look like it’s his choice.  That’s the way Democrats roll.

The comments by Clyburn this morning are within the embed tweet video below:

.

Most astute political followers can predict that “racism” is once again going to be a big part of the campaign strategy to defeat President Trump.  However, after years of beating the same drum with louder and louder severity, the grievance industry has run into the risk of creating deaf ears.

The DNC operation (Obama/BLM network) concentrates heavily on the ballot harvesting.  However, when they turn those ballots over to the county level precinct workers, that’s where the AME church network and South Carolina Representative James Clyburn come into play. {GO DEEP}

Jack Smith Lawfare Strategist, Andrew Weissmann, Apoplectic at Immunity Decision – The President IS The Executive Branch


Posted originally on the CTH on July 2, 2024 | Sundance

The tip of the Lawfare spear consists of a small group of former DOJ attorneys and Main Justice leftists who helped AG Eric Holder create the DOJ National Security Division (DOJ-NSD) when it was formed on behalf of President Obama.

Lawfare, writ large, are a tribe of leftists who strategically weaponize the justice systems within the DOJ.  They are also the main guides, strategists and legal analysts who previously used Robert Mueller and currently use Jack Smith.

The tribe is led by a trio of fellow travelers: Mary McCord, Norm Eisen and Andrew Weissmann.

If you research the group, you will discover that Mary McCord sits at the center of every attack approach deployed against President Trump {CITATION}.  The influence of McCord cannot be overstated, while gender fluid leftists like Eisen, Weissmann (and others), wax philosophically about which statutes can be twisted and interpreted to assist their Lawfare strategy du jour.

Everything we have watched unfold, from using “The Logan Act” against Michael Flynn, to using “The Insurrection Act” against President Trump and the J-6 targets, comes from this small crew of effeminate leftists.

The similarity of the Lawfare behavioral proclivities is an outcome of their tribal synchronicity.  Much like the McClintock or Wellesley effect, when you isolate Lawfare individuals into a small tribe, their collective behaviors replicate.

This crew of Brookings funded Lawfare ideologues was also described by Christine Blasey-Ford as her “Beach Friends.”  Since leaving official government positions, the key trio of leadership congregate professionally on MSNBC and feed the leftists in media and politics from their primary cable outlet.

I noted, during a recent flight filled with DC bureaucrats and IC officials (United Airlines), how they all watched MSNBC on their seat monitors as if it was a religious service that needed to be attended.  It really was a sight to see.  Every bureaucrat, active or retired, seated with their laptop under the headrest monitor while typing, texting and DM’ing in unison like synchronized swimmers.

That experience was the first time I realized how the term “NPC’s” or non-Player Characters might have originated as a meme, but the label was eerily accurate.

FBI HQ left, Main Justice building right

The alarming aspect to the tribal Lawfare approach, is to realize how this essentially very small group of former DOJ-NSD lawyers commands such an oversized influence on our national politics.

In reality, this crew is likely less than 20 full-time characters with about a half-dozen lawyers used as spokespeople.  Essentially, the public voice to keep the hardcore leftists on the optimal message.  However, this group also writes the legal strategies for all of the attack approaches used in Atlanta, Georgia (Fani Willis), New York (Alvin Bragg) and DC/FL with Special Counsel Jack Smith.

Within Main Justice, it is Deputy AG Lisa Monaco who takes the Lawfare instructions from the outside group and funnels them back into actionable work within the DOJ (ie to Jack Smith).  It’s a similar process as to how the inside and outside group coordinated and used Robert Mueller.

Andrew Weissmann, Mary McCord and Norm Eisen (with occasional guests), can be seen daily watching very closely how their legal briefs, citations and structured legal motions are being used.   Yes, it is their written words, their legal briefs, and their filings that are signed by the government officials and submitted into multiple judicial venues.

[NOTE: FOIA or subpoena the Lawfare communication pipeline, and you end up with 15 iPhones that mysteriously and identically have the wrong password entered 10 times, and that deletes all the content – just like the last time someone tried with the Lawfare group around Mueller {citation}.]

♦ Well, that’s who they are…. So, we cannot say we don’t know the exact names of the people at the epicenter of the operation, and you do not need to read the proverbial overuse of the word “they” without knowing exactly who they are.

With the Supreme Court ruling yesterday on presidential immunity, the Lawfare group is absolutely apoplectic and fraught with anxiety about it.

Why?

Why this much extreme vitriol?

The answer is very simple.  Andrew Weissmann speaks about the exact reason in this soundbite.  Listen at the 01:37 point, when Weissmann says the ruling now puts the President in charge of the DOJ-NSD.  THAT reality is beyond alarming to a group who have lived in a world where they were untouchable.  WATCH:

What exactly is the background here?

This is where CTH readers are miles ahead, at least a year ahead, of where the reality of this story will eventually end up.  Andrew Weissmann is concerned because the Supreme Court just put the DOJ-NSD back into a box where they are accountable within the Executive Branch.

Remember, Barack Obama and Eric Holder created the DOJ-NSD using the authorities granted to the administrative state by the bureaucracy following 9/11.  Specifically, because the Dept of Homeland Security (DHS) was created, and within that dynamic the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) was established.   DHS would now be the weaponized umbrella organization, and the power granted to the DNI would establish the need for the DOJ-NSD.

In the era shortly after 9/11, the DC national security apparatus was constructed to preserve continuity of government and simultaneously view all Americans as potential threats.  The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) were created specifically for this purpose.

What Barack Obama and Eric Holder did with that new construct was refine the internal targeting mechanisms, so that only their ideological opposition became the target of the new national security system.  This is very important to understand as you dig deeper.

Washington DC created the modern national security apparatus immediately and hurriedly after 9/11/01.  DHS came along in 2002, and within the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 the ODNI was formed.  When Barack Obama and Eric Holder arrived a few years later, those newly formed institutions were viewed as opportunities to create a very specific national security apparatus that would focus almost exclusively against their political opposition.

Eric Holder created the DOJ-National Security Division for exactly the purpose of weaponizing the DOJ to target their political opposition.  This is what the DOJ-NSD does under the auspices of “National Security.”  The FARA violation monitoring is one of the more well-known operations within the DOJ-NSD, and from that construct you find the original justification for the NSA database monitoring.

The surveillance of Americans shifted around the roles and responsibilities within Main Justice after the DOJ-NSD was created.  The National Security Division took over Foreign Agent Registration Act monitoring as well as FISA.  Both FARA and FISA required some form of downstream surveillance within the authority of the NSD.

The FBI counterintelligence division became the investigative offshoot to assist the NSD, and due to the tightrope of legal compliance issues, lawyers from the NSD were dispatched into the FBI to give legal assistance on the surveillance side.  This is how NSD lawyers like Lisa Page, Tashina Guahar and Kevin Clinesmith end up encircling FBI officials like Peter Strzok and Andrew McCabe.

Within this newly created DOJ-NSD, there was no inspector general oversight, so the internal officials were unaccountable, had no reason to worry about anyone looking at them, and they were generally running amok. In 2015 the Office of the DOJ Inspector General requested oversight, and it was Deputy AG Sally Yates who responded with a lengthy 58-page legal explanation saying, essentially, ‘nope – not allowed.’ (PDF HERE) All of the DOJ is subject to oversight, except the NSD.

We discover just how ridiculous and partisan the NSD became through the outcomes of the Hillary Clinton investigation.  The Clinton investigation was operated by the FBI and the unaccountable DOJ-NSD.

Yesterday, in a stunning opinion that destabilized the Lawfare ideologues, the Supreme Court affirmed the Unitary Executive principle around the constitution.

The 6-3 opinion held that the President is “a person alone who comprises a branch of government.”  This is important to understand. The Executive Branch is the President.

As noted by reader Alex1689: […] Read the SCOTUS opinion, not from a point of view of apprehension about President Trump (he’ll be fine), but from the point of view of what does this allow him to do in his second term, and what straightjackets does it remove that were a threat during his first term?

To start, the court wrote about powers that carry with them core, absolute immunity, the exercise of which cannot come under question in any forum. It specifically identified:

Pardons

Recognition of foreign governments

Removal of executive branch officials.

If it can’t be questioned . . . It also cannot be the grounds for impeachment, can it?

Let’s repeat: If it’s a core power, the exercise of the core power cannot be grounds for impeachment (*except if done in connection with taking a bribe).

In his first term, there was the threat that if President Trump fired . . .

Rosenstein
Barr
Fauci

That he would be prosecuted for obstruction of justice or impeached.

That threat is forever off the table now.

He can fire anyone he likes in the executive branch. The straightjacket is gone.

On that point, further, the majority opinion uses strong language consistent with the Unitary Executive theory of the Constitution. The President is “a person alone who comprises a branch of government.”

While there are areas of shared constitutional responsibility, the core powers of the Executive Branch, including personnel, are the President’s alone.

Schedule F

Boom.

While impeachment is a political process within the Legislative Branch, and the Supreme Court is extremely hesitant to overstep their role therein, they did put this sentiment clearly into the opinion about immunity: …“The President is not above the law. But Congress may not criminalize the President’s conduct in carrying out the responsibilities of the Executive Branch under the Constitution.”…

Congress may not criminalize the conduct of the President simply for carrying out his core executive branch duties.  Removal of Executive Branch officials is a core duty, an official act, carrying absolute immunity.

That newly affirmed reality is exactly why Andrew Weissmann and the Lawfare crowd are very alarmed.

Support CTH Here ~

Understand Schedule-F Here

New York Prosecutor Asks Judge to Delay Trump Sentencing – SCOTUS Immunity Ruling Changes Everything


Posted originally on the CTH on July 2, 2024 | Sundance 

In a letter to Judge Merchan earlier today, New York District Attorney Alvin Bragg is asking for a postponement of sentencing.

Regardless of the corrupt Lawfare trial outcome, the Supreme Court ruling around presidential immunity has thrown a wrench into the former prosecution’s case.

Alvin Bragg used evidence, within the trial, that has been deemed by the Supreme court to be inadmissible. President Trump’s lawyers are filing a motion to overturn the judgement based on the SCOTUS ruling. Bragg now requests additional time to review the Lawfare consequences and construct his own legal strategy.

[SOURCE]

As pointed out by attorney Jeff Clark – […] “Bragg agrees that Trump has filed a motion to dismiss the New York charges in light of yesterday’s immunity ruling. The Manhattan DA needs until July 24 to respond.

Also, Bragg admits that the legal effect of Trump’s ruling + their requested extension meaning that Trump should not be sentenced in New York until the motion is resolved.

This means that if Bragg gets his extension (which he will), the earliest Judge Merchan could deny a motion to dismiss the case and reset sentencing would be July 25. And that would be only after studying the matter for a single day, which should be insufficient. And doesn’t even consider oral argument on the motion if that gets held.

The Republican Convention is from July 15-18, so Trump will not be sentenced before the Convention!

On balance of all factors, the earliest Trump gets sentenced is realistically now some day in August.

And in reality, the whole case should get tossed before then. (Source)

According to Politico, the sentencing has been delayed until September 18th.

NEW YORK — Donald Trump’s sentencing in his Manhattan criminal case has been delayed until Sept. 18 so that the former president can present new arguments that his conviction should be tossed out in light of Monday’s Supreme Court decision on presidential immunity.

The sentencing, which had been set for July 11, will now take place less than two months before Election Day. (link)

“if such is still necessary”…. lol 

When you look at the issue through a Lawfare prism, things start to take on a different context.  Perhaps one of the reasons Bragg is making this request for a delay is that the Lawfare team are now a little overwhelmed.

The SCOTUS immunity ruling means McCord, Weissmann, Eisen et al, have to restructure the strategy and instructions in 4 separate cases, simultaneously, involving Trump and the Supreme Court ruling.

All those legal motions, counter predictive responses, and legal arguments are now needed almost simultaneously.  As a result, the Lawfare group needs more time.

The district attorneys (New York / Atlanta) and Special Counsel Jack Smith will not be asking for more time simply because Trump’s legal team are requesting it. The prosecution teams will likely be requesting time on behalf of Weissmann/Eisen et al, to be proactive with a new strategy and Lawfare approach.

In essence, the ever-present *strategic benefit* of scale, the collective Lawfare weight (4 venues) against the individual target Trump, has now become a strategic liability as an outcome of the SCOTUS ruling.

All four venues will need responsiveness simultaneously. Weissmann, Eisen, McCord, Berke, Goldman, etc will now be burning the midnight oil trying to catch up.

I anticipate far fewer appearances on MSNBC cable, because they will not have time.

Let’s watch and see if I’m correct

New Indictment for Trump Coming?


Posted originally on Jun 29, 2024 By Martin Armstrong 

Smith Garland

Smith and Garland are trying to indict Trump on Drug Charges, alleging he drugged Biden to win the Debate. They are desperately trying to find a statue they can twist to fit the crime.

CNN Trump Biden Dbate R

Davis: Historic SCOTUS Decisions Deliver Justice For J6 Prisoners And Death Of Deep State


Posted originally on Rumble By Bannons War Room on: June 28, 2024 at 7:00 pm EST

Rule Of Law


Posted originally on Armstrong Economics on: May 28, 2024

US Colonial Courthouse Philadelphia

Justice

United States Case Law

Judge Merchan’s UNAMERICAN jury instruction Rejected Everything


Posted originally on Jun 27, 2024 By Martin Armstrong 

Merchan Judge Juan

QUESTION: Looking at the United States from Europe, what has been done to Trump seems political. Do you think Trump will be vindicated by the Supreme Court?

SK

ANSWER: I have often stated that New York City is a cesspool of corruption. The conviction of Trump and even the gag order imposed by this outrageous prosecutor pretend to be an “acting judge” who should be not just disbarred but should be thrown in prison for treason going against everything the Constitution stood for. He is not just a disgrace to the legal profession but to an American citizen. The outrageous Judge Juan Merchan is restricting Trump’s Free Speech and still interfering in everyone’s right to a fair election. He has lifted the Gag Order ahead of the debate but only concerning the witnesses against him. He has maintained the gag order against the Court, prosecutor, and the jurors.

Thrasymachus Quote

The case is over. There is absolutely NO CONSTITUTIONAL authority for such a restriction on his free speech. In Florida, this questionable special prosecutor has also sought a gag order to prevent Trump from speaking about that case in the debate. This is NOT the America I grew up in, and it has shown the entire world that the American Justice system is disgusting, corrupt, and just as Thrasymachus warned more than 2,000 years ago – JUSTICE is always just the self-interest of those in power. I am so glad I did not become a lawyer, for I hate hypocrisy, and they would have summarily executed me long ago.

The Supreme Court has just handed down two fundamental decisions, Gonzalez v. Trevino and Erlinger v. United States, that CONFIRM that Trump’s conviction on these 34 counts should be thrown out. If the NY Court of Appeals refuses to do so, New York should be expelled as part of the United States and thrown out for good.

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This guilty verdict on 34 counts of falsifying business records relating to a hush money payment made to adult film star Stormy Daniels before the 2016 presidential election is so outrageous that if it were brought against Biden, I would say the same thing. I would love to see this fake judge put Trump in jail. The sentencing will be determined on July 11 by Judge Juan Merchan, just days before the Republican National Convention in Milwaukee from July 15-18, where he’s expected to accept the party’s nomination.

This is clearly election interference. Our model has been targeting a Panic Cycle during the week of the Republic Convention. While we see that wee as turning points in Europe, it does not appear to reflect a Panic Cycle, implying that this may be related more to domestic issues rather than international ones. I would love to see Judge Juan Merchan either imprison Trump or impose probation that interferes with his ability to campaign and travel throughout the nation. Often, probation restricts the freedom to travel.

New York City is a vile place and truly a cesspool of legal corruption. When I asked a New York lawyer why no banker has EVER been charged for blowing up the economy with the manipulations, he replied: “You don’t shit where you eat!  Trump’s case has shown the world WHY you should not do business in New York City – EVER!!!!! Manhattan has become a legal cesspool where prosecutors routinely use the legal system to hunt down famous people for personal notoriety and attack political rivals to undermine your opponent.

2024_04_17_12_47_52_Excused_Juror_Reveals_Selection_Process_for_Trump_s_Hush_Money_Trial_All_Hav
Juy Nullification

Kara McGee was dismissed as a juror. She explained the questions she was asked to qualify as a juror. She explained that one of the questions they asked was: “Do you have opinions about the ability for a former sitting president to be tried in a court of law? I think the way people answered showed how they felt about the case,” she said. “The other one was: Do you have any opinions about legal limits for campaign finance donation amounts? Which I believe was another one that was kinda meant to gauge feelings about the particular case.”

This judge effectively ensured the jury would find Trump guilty and failed to instruct them that the jury has the ULTIMATE power to decide if the law is even Constitutionally valid. In 1735, a New York jury acquitted publisher John Peter Zenger of seditious libel in what the National Constitution Center correctly calls ” an early example of jury nullification .” Judge Juan Merchan falsely instructed that the jury lacked that power, thereby rendering its guilty verdict constitutionally invalid. Juries have always had the power to acquit against the claimed evidence, and instructing them otherwise violates both the Sixth Amendment and Due Process Clause of the 5th and 14th Amendments.

The jury instructions given by Acting Judge Merchan told the jurors that “if the People satisfy their burden of proof, you must find the defendant guilty.” This language is plainly unconstitutional and a violation of every principle behind the purpose of the jury. Compare this to the jury instructions in the Hunter Biden prosecution, where the judge told the jurors they “should” convict if the state carried its burden, not that they MUST. This illustrates how corrupt New York City really is and WHY you should not even have an account with anyone in New York City – there is no justice for all.

Trial William Penn
Wm Penn Trial

The most famous trial where a jury stood up refusing to find the defendant guilty in the face of a corrupt government was that of William Penn  (1644-1718), the founder of Pennsylvania. Penn was the leader of the Quakers in London, and you can see why people fled to America, just as people I know who fled Eastern European communism and came to America remark how the United States is doing the very same thing to people that they fled from.

At this point, the judge became so enraged, as I would expect from Judge Juan Merchan, and sent the jury back to reconsider their verdict. When they returned with the same verdict, the court criticized the jury’s leader, Bushnell, and demanded “a verdict that the court will accept, and you shall be locked up without meat, drink, fire, and tobacco…We will have a verdict by the help of God or you will starve for it.”

After that, the jury was sent back three more times but returned with the same verdict. Finally, the jury refused to reconsider. The judge then fined each jury member forty marks and ordered them imprisoned until the fine was paid. Penn and Mead went to prison anyway, held in contempt for obeying the bailiff’s order that they put on their hats.

Also, look closely at the outrageous UNAMERICAN jury instruction given by Judge Juan Merchan, which allowed for a nonunanimous decision on the secondary crime that transformed a misdemeanor into a felony. The first thing you learn about criminal law is that a jury MUST find you guilty unanimously beyond a shadow of a doubt. This pretend prosecutor, who is only an acting judge, has rejected the very basic foundation of criminal law to ensure that Trump would be found guilty. If you answer such a question in law school as this judge did, you would NEVER graduate.

These two decisions, just rendered by the Supreme Court, further demonstrate that this Acting Judge is a total disgrace to the rule of law and should be disbarred.

Gonzalez v. Trevino

In Gonzalez v. Trevino, Sylvia Gonzalez was a city council member in Texas who claimed that her 2019 arrest on charges that she tampered with government records was in retaliation for her criticism of the city manager. The Supreme Court’s ruling granted Gonzalez another opportunity to pursue her retaliation claim in a lower court, stating that the lower court had an “overly cramped view” of a key precedent case. The criminal charges against Gonzales were thrown out before trial, unlike what this judge should have done in the Trump case.

This is Selective Prosecution, which Trump has argued and was summarily dismissed, even though no case like Bragg’s appears to have ever been brought before, which is the cornerstone of this argument. To establish Selective Prosecution requires a prosecution of only one defendant when there are others who are similarly situated, but are not facing prosecution. It is like driving 80 miles an hour in traffic, but you have a Ferrari, so the cop targets only you when everyone else is doing the same speed. This violated the Equal Protection Clause.

For example, in Wayte v US, 470 US 598, 608 (1985) and US v Steele 461 F2 1148, 1151-52 (9th Cir 1972), a defendant was selectively prosecuted for exercising 1st Amendment rights in opposition to the census, and the government failed to justify its selectivity. Trump was selectively prosecuted without question.

Erlinger v. United States

In Erlinger v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that the Fifth and Sixth Amendments required a unanimous jury to determine beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant’s past offenses were committed on separate occasions. This case dealt with unlawful possession of a firearm by a felon with prior burglaries. The court held that a jury MUST decide this issue unanimously under a standard of beyond reasonable doubt. Under New York law, a jury must be unanimous on the existence of each and every element of the crime but not on every detail of how the crime was committed. This is dancing between the raindrops.

Now look at Acting Judge Merchan’s handling of the Trump case, where the jurors could disagree on key aspects of the crime yet still convict the defendant. Merchan’s jury instructions informed the jury that they needed to unanimously find Trump guilty of each of the 34 felony counts but did NOT need to be unanimous on the specific ways the law was allegedly broken. This meant the jurors did not need to unanimously agree that there was a crime and just declare that some secondary crime was involved.

These two decisions alone in Gonzales and Erlinger demonstrate that this Acting Judge violated the basic tenets of criminal law and the Constitution. This Erlinger case made it absolutely clear that for more serious punishment based on a prior crime of violence, a jury and not a judge should make that finding because a jury must find unanimously each and every element of an offense. Merchan permitted a non-unanimous finding in which the means were unlawful under 17-152, but that the jury find elements unanimously but need not be unanimous in findings of manners and means. This is a grey area.

I seriously doubt that Trump will be successful in appealing anything in the New York legal system. Constitutionally, I still believe that the verdict should eventually overturned. What was done to Trump is an INTERNATIONAL WARNING that the courts in New York are NEVER to be trusted!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!