Why the Fed Needs to Raise Rates


yellen Janet

I have warned that rates will rise BECAUSE the Federal Reserve will be criticized if they fail to do so when they are faced with a stock market that is rising. However, while one by one, several Fed officials have all signaled in recent days that the Fed is ready to resume raising interest rates as soon as this month, the real crisis for the Fed will be raising rates will strength the dollar and put even more pressure on Europe and emerging markets. Hence, the 64 billion dollar question is will the Fed abandon international policy objectives for domestic?

Janet Yellen speaks today in Chicago on the topic of the Fed’s economic outlook. The pundits will scan ever possible word for any hint whatsoever of how likely the central bank is to raise its key short-term rate after it next meets March 14-15, 2017. Traders in futures markets have put the probability of a rate hike at 75%, according to data tracked by the CME Group. Last week the odds were just 50/50. With the rally in the share market this week, many are now fearing a rate hike.

Many Fed officials are suggesting that the strengthening U.S. economy warns of higher inflation and a surging stock market has confirmed a potential rate hike. On Tuesday, William Dudley, president of the New York Fed, said the case for raising rates had “become a lot more compelling”. Robert Kaplan, of the Dallas Fed, said he thought the Fed would likely raise rates “in the near future.” Then Lael Brainard, a Fed board member, also said she thought the case for another hike was strengthening: “Assuming continued progress, it will likely be appropriate soon to remove additional accommodation.” Jerome Powell, who is another board member, said on CNBC: “I think the case for a rate increase in March has come together, and I do think it is on the table for discussion.”

Back in the 1980s, we would get a phone call that the Fed will raise the rates that day. Banks were not proprietary traders as they are today back then so the calls were really to make sure people did not get hurt. That has become insider trading these days so what we get is Fed officially attempting to choreograph their intention for the very same purpose that the marketplace is not hurt by their actions.

Last December, the Fed raised its benchmark rate by a quarter-point to a range of 0.5 percent to 0.75 percent. It was its first increase since December 2015 following our turning point on the Economic Confidence Model 2015.75 which was October 1st, 2015. When the Fed raised its key rate from a record low back in December 2015, it did so right on target for the change in trend.

yellen-draghiDomestic Policy Objectives will win out over International. This will only have the same impact of causing capital inflows for the dollar will rise. Yet the Fed has no choice. To do nothing will invite attacks by the Democrats who will say they are only helping the rich get richer watching the stock market rise irrespective of the economy. What we are facing is asset inflation FIRST. That means Draghi and the ECB will be in even a more difficult position trying to maintain negative interest rates that have completely FAILED to revitalize the European economy. It has been 8 years of a complete brain-dead economic policy by the ECB. The question is will the ECB be compelled to end its failed policy and raise rates itself? Talk from behind the curtain is that Yellen keeps telling Draghi is is wrong.

Vertigo & Trading


Traders

There are at lot of professional traders who really lack the in-depth knowledge of the historical track record of how markets really trade because they have not traded something like this which is similar to 195 blast-off or the bull market into 1929. This is a special type of market and it requires real research to survive plus skills along with nerves of tungsten.

You have bond traders talking  their own books. Bond Traders aren’t pricing in more rate increases but rather moving forward the timing of the next move. The Bond Traders don’t believe the stock market hype about the sudden prospect for a burst of economic growth. Consequently, they remain bearish on stocks expecting a meltdown and bonds to soar. The Bond Traders say that any policy action is not warranted on the mere hint of a possibility of economic gains. They add that even the potential for higher rates from an increasingly worried Fed could create financial instability and would certainly ratchet up the cost of any new federal spending. They remain oblivious to the capital inflows into the blue-chips because of political uncertainty looking in Europe.

Vertigo-1While Buffet says we are not in a bubble, there are people like Jeffrey Saut at Raymond James who says he will be on the sidelines, choosing not to participate in something he does not understand. Saut said: “Folks, I have been in this business for over 46 years, and observing markets with my father for 54 years, and I have never experienced anything like what is currently happening.”

This is how REAL bull markets run. They run up because people are not in and they want to buy dips while short players keep getting stopped out.

This is the most difficult type of market to trade because it requires CONFIDENCE and CONVICTION. We will be devoting time to how to understand this type of market at the Hong Kong WEC. Given the possibility of a visa war between the USA and EU, some Europeans may want to consider the Hong Kong session.

Unless Healthcare is Revamped – Unemployment Will Rise


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Healthcare costs have continued to outpace inflation and just about everything else within the economy. Generally speaking, prices rise when demand increases relative to supply. The scheme of Obamacare was to force the youth to buy healthcare they did not need to pay for everyone else. The fines have been less than the costs so many of the youth just pay the fine. Forcing people to buy insurance to artificially lower the costs failed because healthcare is no different and has risen, not declined, with the false rise in demand.

Additional forces have also been contributing namely political decisions from Obamacare, additional taxes, and increased regulations have combined to impact healthcare costs. There has also been the notorious increase in lawsuits which influence the cost of malpractice insurance for medical practitioners forcing costs to also rise. Congress would never introduce Tort Reform because there are too many lawyers who would see their big paydays vanish.

McDonald’s is starting to replace people with auto-self-serving. Now Wendy’s is doing the same thing. Wendy’s plans to install self-ordering kiosks at 1,000 stores by the end of 2017. McDonald’s already beat them to the punch but we are witnessing this trend in many other businesses as well, such as movie theaters and airports. Corporate costs will decline with robots and automated order machines contributing to increasing corporate profits since they are not lowering prices. American Airlines is really anti-consumer. They charge $200 to speak someone to change your ticket when the ticket cost is even just $174. Healthcare costs rising faster than everything else will force companies to abandon workers whenever possible and this is impacting both manufacture as well as services.

So, what is the issue? Is it really just hourly wages? No! Any business with more than 25 employees are being hit with rising healthcare costs that amount to a monopoly from which the only possible relief is to eliminate people. Many small companies have tried to pay healthcare and have been forced to keep raising the deductible. Effectively, healthcare is devolving into catastrophic coverage. Many doctors are refusing to take people on government programs including Medicare because the government cheats them and is slow to pay.

Bill Gates may have been great at creating Microsoft, but when it comes to economics and law, he is off in the Cloud lost in his mind. What he has come out as a solution is to tax machines as if they are people? Gates said, “You’d think we’d tax the robot at a similar level” as humans and then the taxes a company pays would support society? So we become a world of couch potatoes?

Just maybe, we stop the subsidizing of healthcare, introduce Tort Reform, and replace government workers with robots to eliminate taxation on the people. That would be one alternative if we are looking at this new future world. In places like Greece, it is the government that accounts for 40% of GDP. In the USA, Fiscal Year 2017 is estimated at a total of all US government spending, federal, state, and local, to be $7.04 trillion. This will be 36% of GDP.

The US National Defense will be 4% of GDP while government pensions will be 7% plus government healthcare will be 8% compared to welfare is only 2%. Even education is 6% and that is highly questionable for it is really subsidizing the socialist philosophy. Our problem is government workers – not welfare or even military.

We need robots to replace government.

Market Talk- March 1, 2017


market-talk-2017

It was the speech that most claimed lacked substance that just did exactly what most thought it couldn’t – rally global stock markets. Yes, Japan’s Biz Cap-Ex released at 3.8% compared to the previous 1.3%; that woke markets, then Manufacturing PMI released a smidgen worse but when the JPY started to fall, everyone blamed Trump. The fact that the market has re-priced a March hike from 50% to 80% hardly made the pages. The Nikkei loved  the weaker Yen especially moved were key exporters all adding to the strong 1.5% rally. Shanghai and Hang Seng were small better bid (bit disappointing as China PMI better than expected) but in late US trading the futures market have added an additional 1% across the board.

I find it quite amusing that the pages announcing in Asian time zone “no substance”, lacked detail and disappointing – suddenly claim that $1tln will help infrastructure and defence stocks. Europe benefitted both on data and action as fresh money finally found its way into the market. All core indices saw gains of around 2% whilst both the Euro and GBP traded weaker. Mixed bag of tricks on the data front but probably a tad better for Germany which did see a small sell-off in bunds but then treasuries were down nearly 2pts so probably not that exciting really!

The US market could not wait to open with a 100 point gain seen in the opening minutes. By lunchtime time we were over 300 points higher, breaking both the psychological 21k for the DOW and the 2400 level for the S+P. Data was mixed initially but finished better (ISM 56 forecast was released at 57.7) with most talking FED. Towards the close we are pricing in a 80% chance of a move in March but many may wish to wait Janet Yellen when she speaks Friday. Given the DXY recent performance (now around 101.75), the rise of the S+P (+7% YTD) and 2yr yields their highest in nearly 8yrs the chances are this could be the start of the FED back in play.

2’s closed 1.28% (+5bp), 10’s at 2.46% (+10bp), Bunds 0.0.28% (+8bp) closes US/Germany spread at +218bp. France 0.91% (+3bp), Italy 2.11% (+4bp; can you really believe Italy trades 35bp through the USA!!!), Greece 6.75% (-22bp), Turkey 10.66% (+7bp), Portugal 3.89% (+6bp) and finally Gilts 1.19% (+4bp).

Key Interview – Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin Talks To Neil Cavuto…


Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin gives Fox Business News’ Neil Cavuto an interview to discuss President Trump’s timeline for the ObamaCare repeal, budget and tax reform. The interview is int…

Source: Key Interview – Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin Talks To Neil Cavuto…

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Why Do Majority of Fund Managers Cannot Beat the S&P500?


Trader

QUESTION: Marty; The Mises Institute said “Martin Armstrong is one of the most famous economic forecasters alive” and others call you the legend. I have watched your numbers and timing targets. I bought the Gold Report in 2016 and to watch gold peak exactly to the day you highlighted years ago and in so many other markets, you have proved your point. This is humanly impossible so you must have discovered a model that reveals the regularity of everything showing there is no such thing as randomness. My question is simply this. The majority of fund managers could not even beat the S&P500. Many funds had their worst year since 2009.  I made more money in the account I traded using your forecast than I did in the funds I gave to managers. Would you consider publishing funds that use you so we would know who to trust since you are not interested in going back to funds management?

PG

ANSWER: We are considering that. As 2016 began, USA Today reported that 66% of fund managers could not match the S&P500. Back in 2014, 86% of investment managers lost money. Studies back in 2013 showed the same general ratio that only 24% of active mutual fund managers outperform the market index. Last year, 2016 was the WORST year for fund managers picking stocks. The London FT reported that active fund managers last September were lagging behind the stock market. Stockpickers in their semi-annual survey found that 90% of all managers fell short of benchmark.

This is a HUGE problem. The crisis in funds management illustrates what I have been warning about. OPINION is your worst enemy. I try on this blog to cover the world range of topics. To be a good hedge fund manager. the first thing you MUST do is be on top of everything unfolding in the world ALL the time. The tsunami waves of market corrections and breakouts ALWAYS unfold from an international perspective. Even the US media never really talked about BREXIT until about 10 days before it even took place. You cannot successfully invest or manage money and be oblivious to world trends.

We will consider licensing our model to firms for public use.

Small Business was the Backbone of the Economy


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QUESTION: Mr. Armstrong; My family have been lifelong democrats and operated a small local business. We were never in the multi-million dollar class, but always found ourselves considered to the the unholy rich. I remember Joe Biden saying that 90% of small business made under $100,000. Those are most likely individuals and not small business who actually hire people. Obamacare devastated our net bottom line and I have seen the light. You wrote before that small business was the backbone of the economy. Why have the democrats always been against small business?

Curious on your take

Tax Defining RichANSWER: The problem stems from the fact that to collect money, the top bracket for income tax has progressively been lowered. Back at the time of World War I, the definition of the rich was someone who earned $2 million. Considering a car was $300, that was a lot of money. Then for World War II, the definition was raised to $5 million. There were songs like We’re in the money, we’re in the money; from the Gold Diggers of 1933, reflecting the boom times. The government even printed $10,000 bills.

The rhetoric has been Marxist since the Great Depression, but they call it “progressive” or “liberal”. The definition has changed dramatically so $250,000 is now the equivalent of being super rich during the Great Depression earning $5 million.

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Today, small businesses make up: 99.7% of U.S. employer firms, 64% of net new private-sector jobs, 49.2% of private-sector employment, 42.9% of private-sector payroll, 46% of private-sector output, 43% of high-tech employment, and 98% of firms exporting goods. Joe Biden’s justification that the Democrats do not tax small business is just not true. What he counts as small business is self-employed which can be anything from a handyman to jockey racing horses freelance. That is substantially different from small business that actually employs people.

U.S. Census information from 2008 identified a total of 27,281,452 businesses in the United States. The number of businesses operated by proprietors with no employees numbered 21,351,320, which were the self-employed individuals. The Small Business Administration defines small business as fewer than 500 employees – which to me is not small. Add to this the number of businesses having fewer than 500 employees and the number of small businesses comes to 27,262,983. Now, let’s subtract this number from the total number of businesses identified by the census. This produces the number of businesses with more than 500 employees amounts to 18,586. Small business amounts to 99.7% of businesses in the United States.

Big corporations only employ about 38% of the private sector workforce while small businesses employs 53% of the workforce. In fact, over 99% of employing organizations are small businesses and more than 95% of these businesses have fewer than 10 employees. As I stated above, small businesses accounted for 64% of net new jobs created. In fact, many of these new jobs are also new companies. The startup rate in 2010 was the highest it has been in 15 years, but that is because 60% of graduate from college cannot find employment in the field that they paid for a degree. Many are FORCED to start their own business typically one-man bands. The rise in startups is because there has been shrinking roles available in big business as many are replaced by technology.

Small business ALWAYS grow faster creating more jobs than big business with 500 employees or more. In fact, historically, small businesses grow faster at a rate of 3.4% compared to big business which grows on average only 1.3%. Over the years, I have noted why big business slowly die. The boards become dominated by lawyers and accountants and lose touch with entrepreneurship as well as creativity – i.e. Steve Jobs.

The government always focuses on big business because they have the lobbyists who fund campaigns.  During the 2007-2009 Crisis, neither the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) funds nor industry bailouts specifically helped small businesses. In fact, slightly more than 20% of the small businesses get loans from banks and do so only with collateral. Therefore, big bailouts and TARP never “stimulate” the economy. Democrats always hate tax cuts and call it trickle down economics. But when it comes to bailouts, they only focus on the rich because they donate to their campaigns. Democrats talk out of both sides of their mouth. If you want to “stimulate” the economy, directly address small business – NOT the big companies who will not hire anyhow.

Then there is a huge divide between big business and small business. Big corporations are able to claim health insurance policies for employees as a business expense. Employees pay for those policies with pre-tax dollars. A self-employed business owner could not deduct his health insurance. There was a one-year self-employed health insurance tax deduction in the Small Business Jobs Act, but the Democrats would not allow that to be extended.Small businesses who work from home are entitled to take a home office deduction, but some 60% never deduct it for it often results in an audit and the deduction is notoriously difficult to calculate and thus a grey area the IRS loves to attack.

The bottom line is that Democrats rant and rave about the rich, but when it comes to helping small business, they screw them all they can and help big business because they donate for their campaigns. That’s the simple truth.

Teamsters Local 707 Goes Bankrupt


Teamsters

The Pension Crisis on the horizon is far worse than anyone can imagine. This is the final straw that will break the back of socialism the same as communism fell. Pensions are in a state of crisis for they lost money in stock in the 2007-2009 crash and then sold the bottom shifting to government bonds and then interest rates plummeted when they needed 8% to survive. The management skills have been nonexistent for the propaganda has always been that government bonds present no risk when in fact they are UNSECURED DEBT and the riskiest of all investments long-term.

2017 CountdownYellow Roadway company is one example of how things have changed. The company was allowed to skip its pension contributions for 18 months. When the company restarted paying again, it was at 25% of the previous rate. The Pension Fund for local 707 began to implode, with roughly 700 workers paying into a fund supporting more than 4,000 retirees. Local 707’s fund pays out $48 million a year — and takes in $7.5 million in contributions. Those who have been contributing will get nothing at all for the contributions. The whole thing is a house of cards that caves in.

We wrote in the Pension Report: “As we approach 2017, everything you once thought was secure for your future will unravel.” Indeed, the Sovereign Debt Crisis and the Pension Crisis start to surface here in 2017.

The Obama-Boehner Debt Crisis


Boehner-Obama

The debt deal struck by President Barack Obama and the then House Speaker John Boehner back in October 2015, was done purposefully to ensure that the debt crisis would not unfold under Obama and the Democrats.  John Boehner never saw a government role of red tape he never cherished.  The debt deal was absurd that the $20 trillion mark for the US debt ceiling as of March 15, 2017 would become permanent. Sure, on the one hand this could lead to a severe budgetary crisis this summer if the Democrats try to use this to discredit Trump since the media will blame Trump and not Obama.

The March 15, 2017 (Ides of March) date will be used by the media to try to stop Trump tax cuts. As always, politicians put-off whatever they can to keep hiding the truth to create fake reality and the press chimes in. This date marks the end of the debt deferral scheme struck by Obama and Boehner. When this delay expires, the deficit limit is supposed to be frozen at $20 trillion. It then becomes a law AND SOME PEOPLE ARE ALREADY TOUTING THE END OF THE WORLD. Of course, without reform and debt restructure, this cannot become reality. A rise in interest rates alone will increase the servicing and blow-through the debt ceiling. So expect a lot of yelling and incrimination – but at the end of the day, they will still have to raise the debt ceiling – AGAIN! Welcome to 2017!

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Yes, this debt crisis is right on time with our forecast made decades ago. Of course, the politicians will be faced with the collapse of socialism. Where will the money come from to keep all of these programs going? The Democrats will call for a massive tax increase as if that will produce something different than a Great Depression as Europe has inflicted upon the Greeks. Honestly, politicians should NEVER be allowed to play with spending. They cannot manage anything and their self-interest of pretending to do a job while lining their own pockets should be a criminal act.

Everything could come to a halt and the Democrats will then try to blame the Republicans. This is how government works – always create a crisis and blame the other party. Obamacare is falling apart as more and more insurers bailout, costs skyrocket, and Social Security goes off the cliff. The Democrats will try desperately to prevent tax reductions for they are closet communists because they want to control your assets with a backdoor where the multinational corps can pay for exceptions. The deficit limit must then be further increased, but oddly enough, Trump is probably the best person to deal with a debt crisis. Trump will at least understand the debt and has previous spoke about restructuring the debt.

All this chaos can reach havoc proportions in the debt markets, but the stock market can be the biggest benefactor for parking money when bonds are not a wise choice. Obama pushed the biggest tax increases for Obamacare off into 2017 to prejudice the next president. Last September I wrote: “Come 2017, we are likely to see Obamacare also collapse.”  Obama has done a tremendous amount of damage as did Boehner. They created the Veteran Health Crisis not paying to take care of the troops and instead gave them a suicide crisis hotline to call rather than healthcare. The lethal combination of backroom dealing has left Trump with little room for action unless he makes a real reform. Just watch how even the press will not attribute everything to Trump.

Trump inherits a pre-programmed time-bomb and Obama has organized protests to try to make sure Trump is blamed for everything Washington created since World War II. The Democrats want to prevent Trump from lowering taxes on companies and citizens, build walls and add border guards to stop the drug trade and increase security authorities because of terrorism. Trump vowed to do more for the veterans when the Democrats cut everything they could in the VA and military. Then there is Trump’s plan to cut off funds to intervening in the world and spend that money home on an infrastructure program.

So as the National Debt is reaching $19,979 trillion, debt has more than 160% since 2000. Under Obama, there was a massive expansion of new debts on the order of nearly $10 trillion dollars taking advantage of cheap interest rates. Obama increased the debt more than the past 43 US presidents combined in nominal terms. Nevertheless, the USA has the only economy that is viable in the West. The American banking system is not shaking as is the case in Europe.

The US economy is holding up the world for about 70% of the US economic output is generated by domestic consumption. If the American consumer stops, Europe and Asia collapse in overall economic growth. So the debt crisis looming on the horizon depends entirely up how bad the Democrats and the press try to spin this to hurt Trump, but they will shoot themselves in the foot. This time, the mainstream media will more likely than not create a serious economic decline in public confidence by trying to pin all the blame on Trump. On top of all this, Moody’s downgraded 24 governments during just the first half of 2016. The rating agencies will downgrade the USA now only because Trump is in office and they do whatever the establishment tells them to do.

NY Teamsters Pension Becomes First To Run Out Of Money As Expert Warns “Pension Tsunami” Is Coming


Tyler Durden's picture

The New York Teamsters Road Carriers Local 707 Pension Fund has won the unfortunate award for “First Pension to Officially Run Out of Money.”  According to the New York Daily News, and a host of angry former truck drivers who’ve had their pension benefits slashed, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp. (PBGC) has officially been forced to step in and take over payments to retirees of the Local 707, albeit at a much lower rate.

Teamsters Local 707’s pension fund is the first to officially bottom out financially — which happened this month.

“I had a union job for 30 years,” Chmil said. “We had collectively bargained contracts that promised us a pension. I paid into it with every paycheck. Everyone told us, ‘Don’t worry, you have a union job, your pension is guaranteed.’ Well, so much for that.”

“It’s a nightmare, it has just devastated all of our lives. I’ve gone from having $48,000 a year to less than half that,” said Chmil, one of five Local 707 retirees who agreed to share their stories with the Daily News last week.

“I don’t want other people to have to go through this. We need everyone to wake up and do something; that’s why we’re talking,” said Ray Narvaez.

Of course, the Teamsters 707 and other Teamster pension boards attempted to submit plans that would have cut benefits in order to prolong payments to retirees but those plans were universally rejected by the Obama administration…better that the pensions just run out of cash completely.  Per Pensions & Investments:

The Obama administration is in denial about the necessity of cutting pension benefits under the Multiemployer Pension Reform Act of 2014 to try to put distressed multiemployer plans on sounder financial footings and make them more sustainable. It must face reality and order the Treasury Department to stop blocking action.

So far the department, required under the act to approve proposed reductions, has rejected proposals by the Teamsters Central States, Southeast & Southwest Areas Pension Plan and the Road Carriers Local 707 Pension Fund.

Ten plans total have applied for cuts, including the New York State Teamsters Conference Pension and Retirement Fund, Syracuse, whose Aug. 31 application is too new to be listed on the Treasury’s website.

The Road Carriers 707 application stated that the plan projects it will become insolvent in February — only about five months away — absent suspension of benefits.

As desperate as the plan’s financial situation appears to be, the Treasury denied the application.

And while the Local 707 pension was the first to dry up, it certainly won’t be the last…

Also on the brink of drying up are the pensions for two Teamster locals — 641 and 560 — in New Jersey, union officials said. Plus 35,000 Teamster members upstate who are part of the money-hemorrhaging New York State Teamsters Pension Fund.

Bigger than all of New York’s Teamster locals combined is the Central States Pension Fund — another looming financial disaster that could leave 407,000 retirees without pensions across the Midwest and South.

Teamster

 

Meanwhile, under the maximum benefits provided by the PBGC, many former Teamsters, like Ray Narvaez, said their monthly retirement checks have been slashed by two-thirds.

Then Narvaez, like 4,000 other retired Teamster truckers, got a letter from Local 707 in February of last year.

It said monthly pensions had to be slashed by more than a third. It was an emergency move to try to keep the dying fund solvent. That dropped Narvaez from nearly $3,500 to about $2,000.

“They said they were running out of money, that there could be no more in the pension fund, so we had to take the cut,” said Narvaez, whose wife was recently diagnosed with cancer.

The stopgap measure didn’t work — and after years of dangling over the precipice, Local 707’s pension fund fell off the financial cliff this month. With no money left, it turned to Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp., a government insurance company that covers pension.

Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp. picked up Local 707’s retiree payouts — but the maximum benefit it gives a year is roughly $12,000, for workers who racked up at least 30 years. For those with less time on the job, the payouts are smaller.

Narvaez now gets $1,170 a month — before taxes.

Of course, as the Central States Pension General Counsel notes, the real “pension tsunami” will come when the massive “municipal and state plans go down next.”

The same crisis now hitting Local 707 has been stewing among numerous Teamster locals around the country for the past decade, he said, and that includes in upstate New York.

The trucking industry — almost uniformly organized by Teamsters — has suffered enormous financial losses in its pension and welfare funds due to a crippling combination of deregulation and stock market crashes, Nyhan said.

“This is a quiet crisis, but it’s very real. There are currently 200 other plans on track for insolvency — that’s going to affect anywhere from 1.5 to 2 million people,” said Nyhan. “The prognosis is bleak minus some new legislative help.”

And it’s not just private-sector industries that are suffering, he added.

“Municipal and state plans are the next to go down — that’s a pension tsunami that’s coming,” he said. “In many states, those defined benefit plans are seriously underfunded — and at the end of the day, math trumps the statutes.”

We’re looking at you Illinoi