Governor Jeb Bush Has A Much More Serious “Eminent Domain” Problem Than Donald Trump….


I’m not surprised that Jeb did this but I am surprised the Trump didn’t bring it up. But then he could be saving it for later.

The World View


Re-Posted from Armstrong Economics Feb 9, 2016 by dev

2016-Onward R

The computer has been warning that 2015 was the 13th year up from the 2002 low in the stock market following the DOT.COM Bubble. That low was rather significant for many markets have yet to exceed even that 2000 nominal high such as in France. This has warned, as was the case in Gold from 2011, that a correction became possible. However, simultaneously, we see the collapse of Socialism on the horizon and this does not speak well for the markets from a traditional pattern expectation.

ECM-1998-2002 - rDJ 2002,85 - D

The 2002 low which followed the Economic Confidence Model was rather significant. Therefore, the computer’s warning that a false move could unfold at this time following a 13 year high was indeed something to pay attention to. On the way up from 2011, we warned that the Dow would lead and then pass that position to the S&P500. That took place as we entered the 13th year. We also see this lead unfolding on the way back down.

We are still witnessing the traditional reaction here as if this were just another normal change in long-term trend. Gold has rallied at last reaching the first important resistance in the 1208-1209 range as if the collapse in the stock market will bring about the end of the world. Short-term rates are still imploding as government are clueless on how to manage the economy. They are blind to the impact of negative rates and are trying by sheer force to “stimulate” borrowing when there is no confidence in the future as demonstrated by the polls with Trump and Sanders in the lead against career politicians. All this insanity is doing is collapsing pension funds and wiping out the savings of the elderly for what? To get people to spend and others to borrow to create small businesses to hire the unemployed youth as you hunt desperately for money to tax or confiscate?

2017-R

This is the classic FALSE MOVE that will get everyone off-side in preparation for the collapse in government as we head into 2017, which will be the year from political hell. In order for gold to rise and everything to crash, there is just no possible scenario one can find in history to support such an outcome. The propaganda of the gold promoters who always have some conflict of interest being involved in selling or mining gold, is really indistinguishable from some religious cult handing out pamphlets or flowers at an airport. There is no objectivity in this analysis whatsoever.

ECM-1970-2084 - R

German-HypreinflationWhile they tout the German Hyperinflation and the Theory of the Quantity of Money being the key to inflation, they remain confuse d in their thoughts and miss the entire point offered by history. There is a cycle to absolutely everything from your brain waves and the beat of your heart along with mood swings to the seasons and the manner of how light and sound even move with the ultimate cycle of life – we are born, we live, and we die.

The entire point of the German Hyperinflation was the collapse in the confidence of government. That was the character of the wave which peaked in 1929.75. We called it the Roaring ’20s. The confidence resided with the private sector and distrust of government was the hallmark of the era. The Revolutionary government defaulted on the national debt of the former government so nobody trusted government or banks. They were reduced to printing money for nobody would lend then on cent.

German-1925-Rentenmark

The net result of the German Hyperinflation was NOT that only gold rose in value, but ALL assets rose in value. In fact, the currency which replaced the hyperinflation paper was backed by REAL ESTATE, not by gold. This incident offers a guide to what we face on the road ahead. It shall NOT be a world where only gold rises at the expense of everything else. We are headed into a major crisis where the only thing that survives the transition to a new world currency that is coming as early as 2018, but probably by 2020, will be private assets. Real Estate can survive but its lack of mobility is a disadvantage. You never want to own property in the path of potential war. Antique cars have done well, but here too, they are less movable than art, coins, or stamps. After World War II ended, all the rare coins and stamps of Europe were located in the United States as evidence of the fact that they served a purpose of moving wealth from one continent to another.

UncleSam-Cliff - R

As we stand on the edge of a cliff thanks to lawyers who want to be politicians and assume they can rule the world by just writing laws to benefit themselves and their friends, we face a collapse in the CONFIDENCE of government that necessitates first the FALSE MOVE to get everyone off-side, then we will swing in the opposite direction in what we call the SLING-SHOT move. This is driven by the fact that when people realize government has totally been incompetent, then capital will turn and begin to move to anything tangible. This is the lesson from history we must understand rather than get all caught up in the bullshit that will be spewed out by the talking heads and gold promoters. So get ready. This is going to be the ride of your life, for indeed, getting this right may separate princes from paupers besides being the time that tries men’s souls.

This is NOT a time for conflicts of interest tainting analyst. All the Investment Banks paid big fines for putting out false information on DOT.COM stocks they had interest in. You CANNOT be an analyst if you have a vested interest in that which you claim to be an analyst. It is just humanly impossible even if you have the best of intentions. It is traditionally called in the industry – TALKING YOUR OWN BOOK.

A cashless economy is coming here soon be ready!


Germany to Enforce a €5,000 Limit on Cash Transactions

Michael Meister

The German people do not have to worry about their taxes rising because of the Greeks; the refugees are whom they should worry about. Now the German government is joining the rest of the crowd and preparing to move electronic. They will look at introducing a limit of €5,000 euros on any cash transaction to combat money laundering and financing terrorism. For thousands of years, no such limits on cash ever existed. The definition of money laundering is now simply hiding money from the government that they want.

Deputy Finance Minister, Michael Meister, said “the risk of terror financing and…the problem of how to clear up money-laundering offenses properly” necessitates the total collapse of freedom in a pretend free society.

euro-digital-electric

Europe will indeed be the first major nation to move electronic. The same movement is unfolding in Asia, and of course, Argentina.

More good words on Islam from Bill Warner


Sharia law is the most important part of Islamic doctrine. Sharia is Islam; Islam is Sharia. Sharia includes law, but it also includes how to raise a family, theology, philosophy and every aspect of daily living. Sharia law includes pronouncements for both Muslims and non-Muslims (Kafirs). Sharia is a manual for a civilization.

Sharia does not allow free speech. It is forbidden to make a joke about Mohammed. Blasphemy is forbidden. The US is following Sharia when it allows the UN to determine that Muslim refugees come to America and not Christians.
We have Sharia compliant textbooks now in Tennessee. We hesitate to anger Muslims or criticize Islam. In Europe Islamic rape is accepted behavior.

Sharia says that our Constitution is manmade and a product of ignorance. Sharia is Allah’s law and must replace all other governments. Countries that adhere to all of Sharia are Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan and Yemen.

One a government starts down this path it has no options but to go all the way until THEY have ALL the MONEY and WEALTH!


A Cashless Europe – Stupidity Has No Limitations

european_union_3d_map_1600_clr_17749

 

QUESTION:

Martin,

An all electronic currency seems almost inevitable to some, however as you have stated in the past not everyone ha the ability/facility to transact solely electronically.

With cash being anything which is agreed the most marketable asset, wouldn’t the people of Europe just transact in another form of cash (USD, gold, silver etc.)

Is there a large enough cash alternative to the euro? (probably not)

I assume then the majority will perish while the thrifty will already be in USD.

Do you think they could actually coordinate a move to electronic currency on a world scale all at the same time?

so many questions

Regards

T

Euro-Vulture

ANSWER: Assuming this is not globally coordinated, which would take brains and probably years to accomplish, the typical move by politicians has been to assume they are ALL POWERFUL demigods, and as such, they focus on their domestic fiefdom only. They are already hunting gold. The French had to leave town to buy or sell because the gold dealers were driven out of business with regulations that demanded they report everyone who bought or sold. They even chased out the rare coin and antique shows, as the dealers went to London and Zurich where they did not have to report on everything bought or sold. This is just an example of how they see the world through their own power. In the USA, both the city of Philadelphia and Atlantic City are destroying their own existence because they demand income taxes from anyone holding a convention or event there. We will never hold another conference in Philadelphia. They built a convention center with taxpayer money in the hundreds of millions of dollars that now remains in the dark most of the time.

Bling

Gold will be driven underground. If you have too much gold jewelry on, they will pull you over and weight it at the airport. So, this guy would be in trouble.

In all cases where a currency has been cancelled or the confidence in government collapses to any extent, from Russia to a Zimbabwe event, the people use the currency of a neighboring country. The best thing for Europeans to do right now is to hoard U.S. dollars in cash — not euros, and not even Swiss francs. The Swiss will surrender to the demands of the EU, so I would not count on those 1,000 Swiss franc notes remaining valid for long either. The USA would find it extremely difficult to move to electronic currency. The USD remains the legal tender since 1792. It has never been cancelled and it might even spark a breakup of the USA with the Bible Belt whom is moving to secede.

Japanese-Debasement 760-958AD

The Japanese kept demonetizing the currency with each emperor who came to power. They routinely devalued all outstanding currency to 1/10th of his new coinage. People could not hoard money so they turned to Chinese coinage. Japanese Emperors LOST the ability to issue money for nobody would accept it. Japan ceased issuing coins for 600 years and bags of rice and Chinese coins filled the vacancy.

Diamonds

Another alternative that will not set off the metal detectors will be diamonds, but this is a tough market with high margins. If you can get purely investment certified stones, perhaps. But this is an opinion-oriented closed market.

Understand how stupid government rulers really are. The difference between STUPIDITY and GENIUS is very clear: GENIUS has its limits. Why do the worst possible people want to rule? It is a question for a psychological study that is desperately needed.

Gold and Oil now there is a volatile mix!


Gold/Oil Ratio – Is It Really Making Record Highs?

Gold Oil Ration Mining 1965-2015

QUESTION: Mr. Armstrong, Mining ran a chart of the gold/oil ratio pointing out that conventional wisdom has placed the two together on the theory that rising oil prices push up inflation increasing demand for gold as a hedge. You have stated gold is not a hedge against inflation and you appear to be correct with all the QE from US, ECB, and Japan, yet nothing has happened.

Mining says that the average ratio of gold to oil is around 15 reporting it is at record highs now which have not been seen since 1973. The same thing happened in 1980 when a record gold price in inflation adjusted terms again coincided with a sharp rise in the price of oil. The ratio hit 36 during the 1973 OPEC crisis.

So has gold or oil bottomed? Or have we entered a new era altogether? I know you will have an interesting assessment of this ratio. That’s what you are known for.

Thank you

HW

Gold-Oil Ration - Y

ANSWER: Nice chart. However, it is always a question a DATA! If you looked only at a chart of the stock market from 2011 until 2015, you would conclude the market always moves higher. Long-Term Capital Management collapsed with the best of minds (When Genius Failed) because the modeling did not go back beyond 1971

Here is the gold oil ratio back to 1900 and its beginning. The record high is neither 1980 nor the 1973 OPEC crisis. The record high was 1932 and the Great Depression. This is calculated simply using annual closings. On that basis, we have not reached the Great Depression high. If oil fell to the Reversal at $25, to test the Great Depression high on this ratio gold would still fall to $875. The average is about 23:1 – not 15:1. If gold were really to respond in a financial crisis to a collapse in money stock, then this ratio could hit the 52:1 area. That would be something to write about. We should exceed the 1932 high on this move.

We are looking at both many mining producing companies and oil producing companies going belly-up in this fish tank. These defaults will hurt banks who lent to them. This is just one slice of the pie we have to finish eating before we can leave the table. (DO NOT RUSH INTO MINING STOCKS – IT AIN’T OVER TIL THE FAT LADY SINGS as they say)

There is never enough money to satisfy the greed of the politicians!


What Happens to Cash When Governments Go Electronic?

euro-digital-electric

QUESTION: Mr. Armstrong; What happens to paper money when the government moves electronic? Is it just cancelled? Does cash then become worthless?

Thanks

RD

ANSWER: It appears that electronic currency will arrive first in Europe. The cash will be demonetized so yes, it becomes worthless. However, they will most likely give you a window in time to redeem cash for electronic money. Keep in mind this will produce a windfall for government. They are most likely going to tax anyone who cannot prove why they have the cash.

Trajan Restitution Gold Aureus - r

This is typical. It is also not a modern invention. The Roman Emperor Trajan (98-117AD) saw the treasury being depleted with the cost of his Dacian War. The brilliant idea was to DEMONETIZE all older coinage prior to Nero’s reform 64AD. What they were doing was declaring the old coinage to be invalid for paying taxes. As a result, you had to turn it in under the pretense it was worn. In truth, he reissued coins with 10% less silver content. So he was taking in the old, melting it down, and thereby increased the money supply by 10%. This was the Great Restitution Issue of Trajan. Politics never changes. The same responses can be cataloged into a book – perhaps I will do that in my next life since I already have a lot on my plate for this one.

United We Stand – ‘Merica


The analogy is reasonable but I do not think it applies completely here with Trump. First Scott Brown is not Donald Trump and 6 years have past and more citizens have woken up and the economy has gone nowhere in 7 years and Obama has given us the Muslim problem which also did not exist and lastly its obvious that there are many problems in the government itself. So I think that the support for Trump will not wain and we could actually come out of this mess battered but whole.

FBI Video Release of LaVoy Finicum Shooting – and Why CTH Is Reluctant to Engage…


The razors edge is right and you need to know how to pick your fights — some are not worth fighting and some are — knowing when is the secret!

This maybe the biggest crime the politicians have done to us!


Legal Reform – Learning From the Mistakes of the Past

Kings_Bench_(1808)

Typically, the first thing society addresses which sparks a revolution is the abuse of justice. Shakespeare’s famous quote about the first thing we do is kill all the lawyers is not actually about lawyers. You have to understand the context. Private individuals were not allowed to have lawyers in those days – only the king. It was not until the American Revolution that the Constitution gave you a right to counsel, which the Supreme Court has effectively taken away giving you court appointed counsel working for the court who have achieved a near perfect conviction rate of 99%. Court appointed lawyers are a joke to put it mildly. They are paid $90 and hour generally compared to $600-$1,000 for private lawyers. Shakespeare’s famous quote comes from a rebellion:

DICK: The first thing we do, let’s kill all the lawyers.

Cade: Nay, that I mean to do.

Henry The Sixth, Part 2 Act 4, scene 2, 71–78

Therefore, Shakespeare’s phase had nothing to do with killing general lawyers, it was the king’s PROSECUTORS who were corrupt. Jake Cade led the second Tax Revolt in England after the Black Death and the king’s “lawyers” (prosecutors) were the ones aggressively seizing homes and prosecuting people wrongly at that time. Hence, history repeats and all the Constitutional precautions have been eliminated by the Supreme Court.

Otis-James

The legal case which became the seminal beginning of the American Revolution was Entick v. Carrington and Three Other King’s Messengersreported at length in 19 Howell’s State Trials 1029, was the start of the American Revolution also based upon abuse of the king’s agents. The action, dated November 1762, was for trespassing and interfering with the plaintiff’s dwelling by breaking open his desks and boxes and searching and examining his papers.

George III (b 1738; 1760-1820) became king in 1760. In February 1761 Parliament enacted the Writs of Assistance that were challenged in court in Boston, Massachusetts. These were writs that empowered, like the NSA today at their discretion, the kings agents to search anything they suspected. The defending lawyer James Otis (1725-1783) pronounced these writs were “the worst instrument of arbitrary power, the most destructive of English liberty, and the fundamental principles of law, that ever was found in an English law book.” Otis warned that the king placed discretion in the hands of every agent to act as he desired. Nothing has changed for government can do whatever it desires today and it is always the burden of the citizen to still prove he has any rights whatsoever.

Adams-JohnJohn Adams (1735–1826; 2nd President 1797–1801) was there in the audience at that hearing that day. Adams was so moved by the four hour speech of James Otis that he declared: “Then and there was the first scene of the first act of opposition to the arbitrary claims of Great Britain. Then and there, the child independence was born.”

I am sure the kings men also viewed their power as necessary as the NSA does today and Christie says while running for President because he was a former prosecutor. The abuse of the king’s agents was simply that they could enter someone’s home and search all your papers. If you wrote anything derogatory against the king, off you went to prison. This is what inspired the American Revolution and the Fourth Amendment that there had to be a reason to search not just arbitrary desire to want to know and lets see what we can find as the NSA and FBI do today. This is the very essence of LIBERTY. You cannot pretend to be the leader of the free world and then advocate that the government has a RIGHT to know everything everyone is doing or what wealth they have. This is incompatible with the term – “FREEDOM”.

Bastille-DAY

Necker JacquesBy the summer of 1789, France was moving quickly toward revolution. There were severe food shortages in France that year, and popular resentment against the rule of King Louis XVI was turning to fury. Jacques Necker, the finance minister of Swiss birth, who was sympathetic to the people, was dismissed on July 11th. The people of Paris responded and then stormed the Bastille, assuming that they and their representatives would be attacked by the royal army or by foreign regiments of mercenaries in the king’s service. The people stormed the Bastille seeking to gain ammunition and gunpowder for the general populace and to release political prisoners. The Bastille was a fortress-prison in Paris which had typically used to imprison people on the basis of lettres de cachet (literally “signet letters”), which were arbitrary royal indictments that could not be appealed precisely the same type of instruments used to imprison myself of “contempt of court”. These lettres de cachet did not indicate the reason for the imprisonment. This was precisely the same type of order used to hold me in contempt for 7 years as they stated openly in court that there was “no description” of any accusation. The Bastille held a large cache of ammunition and gunpowder, it was also known for holding political prisoners whose writings had displeased the royal government who were held without any charge.

As July 1789 unfolded, Parisian revolutionaries and mutinous troops storm and took the Bastille, which was the symbol of the tyranny of the Bourbon monarchs. There were seven inmates freed at the time. This profound action signaled the beginning of the French Revolution which erupted because of taxes and AUSTERITY mixed with the collapse of the rule of law. The debt default and hunting the rich (which destroyed the economy) was a revolutionary reaction. When nobody will do business, they hoard cash, and everything implodes deepening the deflationary downward-spiral.

Today, it is rare for a policeman to ever be prosecuted for killing a citizen no matter how outrageous the event. Today, the police are simply above the law and are rarely held accountable if ever. This was precisely the same complaint Thomas Jefferson included in the Declaration of Independence about protecting agents of the government for murder:

For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

 

Taney Roger_B Chief Justice

Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney (1777–1864) was the 5th Chief Justice in American History presiding from 1836 until his death in 1864. However, he was previous a prosecutor and the 11th United States Attorney General. He is certainly infamous for writing the majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), which ruled that African-Americans were considered inferior at the time the Constitution was drafted and were not part of the original community of citizens regardless whether they had been free or slave. Taney held that they could not be considered citizens of the United States.

Taney was a Jacksonian Democrat when he became Chief Justice and has been a slave owner who did free his slaves. However, he was a staunch believer in states’ rights and simultaneously the Union of the states to form the United States of America. His decision in Dred Scott created a real outrage among abolitionists and the free states of the north and no doubt laid the foundation for the Civil War. He believed that power and liberty were extremely important and if power became too concentrated as in the Bank of the United States as did Jackson, then it posed a grave threat to individual liberty. The source of his decision lies politically, rather than as a racist, in this position of state rights opposing any attempt by the national government to regulate or control matters would restrict the rights of individuals in the states. It is unlikely, given Taney’s own personal freeing of his slaves, that his decision was based upon a personal belief. Instead, it was politically motivated for he was also trying to prevent a war knowing that if he ruled in favor of Dred Scott, the south would clearly separate for he would violate state rights.

2015.75 What Lies Ahead

This decision illustrates the great problem we have with judges. On the other side of collapse in government, which will come, our primary goal will be how to rebuild from the ashes. Beginning in 1776, once the revolution began, the newly independent states dismantled the colonial court systems which were under the control of royal governors established by the King.

During the middle ages, the king and his Curia Regis held judicial power. Judicial independence began only to emerge during the early modern period. It was not until the 15th century when the king’s role in this feature of government declined moderately. Kings could still influence courts and dismiss judges and this was a power that the Stuart dynasty in Britain exercised quite frequently in order to overpower the Parliament of England. It was after the overthrow of Charles I with the Glorious Revolution of 1688, that some began to advocate guarding against royal manipulation of the judiciary. They demanded that King William III approve the Act of Settlement 1701, which established tenure for judges unless Parliament removed them, which he conceded.

It had been the shocking events of the 1290s orchestrated by England’s Edward I and France’s Philip IV, which illustrated the arbitrary power of the state produced by the philosophy of the “Divine Right of Kings” that set the political tone and still plagues us to this day. The US Supreme Court of the United States still upholds this Medieval doctrine illustrating that the those in power still regard themselves as ABOVE the law which is applied to the rest of us as the great unwashed. Today it has simply been renamed “Sovereign Immunity” where citizens cannot sue the government without their permission. Judges and prosecutors have ABSOLUTE IMMUNITY and can and do KNOWINGLY prosecute the wrong people for personal or political gain. This is the essence of tyranny. This applied to the President (Nixon v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 731 (1982). If the government threatens someone to commit even purgery against another, the Supreme Court has held that all witnesses for the government also have absolute immunity (BRISCOE ET AL. v. LAHUE ET AL., 460 U.S. 325 (1983). This doctrine of Absolute Immunity was created by the Supreme Court in 1976 fearing what might happen if a prosecutor would ever be sued for wrongful conduct (Imbler v. Pachtman). This doctrine is entirely created by judges and flies in the face of the American Revolution and has no possible validity to have survive that event.

walker

The same reasoning prevailed in my own case as written by Judge John Walker (Bush’s cousin). He actually wrote: “Thus, we have little difficulty concluding that the district court’s inherent power to order coercive civil confinement is of ancient and traditional origins.   Armstrong’s statutory arguments, however, present the question whether the district court still retains this power. ….  the exercise of the inherent power of lower federal courts can be limited by statute and rule … Nevertheless, the Supreme Court explained, “we do not lightly assume that Congress has intended to depart from established principles such as the scope of a court’s inherent power.” I got into the Supreme Court because Judge Sotomayor, now Supreme Court Justice, was on that panel and disagreed with Walker. Walker had the audacity to rule that there was no limit to the power of a federal judge to imprison anyone for life without a trial. Such people can only see the world through their own desire for absolute power. The decision in my case was no different from the lettres de cachet which sparked the French Revolution of the Writs of Assistance that inspired the American Revolution proving history repeats perpetually. Walker wrote:

Sotomayor JusticeWe believe that Judge Sotomayor advances a similarly mistaken argument in her concurring opinion by arguing that there is no practical difference between one who is “incapable of complying” and one who “simply chooses not to do so.”   According to Judge Sotomayor, in either case, “there is a limit to how long [that person] can be incarcerated.”   We disagree.

John Walker

Judge Walker then drove from the court, I believe drunk, and then killed a policeman directing traffic in the middle of the road. Most news stories have been erased from the internet. It seems they missed at least this on Wikipedia:

On the evening of October 17, 2006, while driving home, Judge Walker’s Ford Escape automobile struck a police officer, Daniel Picagli, who was directing traffic in a rainstorm at a road construction site for AT&T in New Haven, Connecticut.[21][22] There were no construction signs or traffic cones marking off the site.[23] Picagli died four days later on October 21, 2006. “He had been wearing a black raincoat and a reflective vest”.[24] Police Chief Francisco Ortiz said the “officers did not feel it was necessary to test Walker for drugs or alcohol”.[24] Walker stopped immediately, and New Haven police have said the cause was not related to drugs or alcohol.[25] A police investigation reported that Walker “was traveling at a slow speed through the dark and rainy construction site.”[26] The prosecutor declined to press charges, saying nothing indicated “intentional, negligent or reckless conduct” by Walker.

The police conceded they never tested him for being drunk just saying he appeared to be OK. A judge can even kill a policeman since he is higher on the political food chain.

Florence-Revolt-1343

With the bankers controlling the New York Federal Court so there will never be a criminal prosecution of anyone, only those who oppose them, is not even a modern development. The Revolt of 1343 in Florence was a political backlash to the attempt of the merchant-bankers to control government through the same process of owning judges. The control of the courts and the appointment of judges promised injustice and no doubt perhaps further manipulation of the law regarding bankruptcies exactly as the bankers succeeded in getting the Clintons to exclude students from bankruptcy today. Thus, the revolt is often painted as simply a class uprising due to the failure to obtain political reform. History repeats. It is amazing how the very same plot always emerges, just the names change. To this extent, it is scary.

During his trips to Scotland in 1759 and 1771, Benjamin Franklin became acquainted with most of the major figures of the Scottish Enlightenment, and he forged a personal friendship with Lord Kames. Franklin was a delegate to the Federal Convention and he brought Historical Law-Tracts and Principles of Equity with him when he returned to America in 1762. In a letter to Kames, Franklin wrote:

I am now reading with great pleasure and improvement your excellent work, The Principles of Equity. It will be of the greatest advantage to the judges in our colonies, not only in those which have Courts of Chancery, but also in those which, having no such courts, are obliged to mix equity with the common law. It will be of more service to the colony judges, as few of them have been bred to the law. I have sent a book to a particular friend, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court in Pennsylvania.

Unfortunately, American courts did accept Equity and Law, but they vested BOTH (Chancery & Law) in a single judge who was then appointed by politicians. The Equity has allowed judges to ignore the law and visit upon the country Judicial Tyranny. There is no law passed by the people awarding ABSOLUTE IMMUNITY, nor did the people ever consent to WORLDWIDE TAXATION of American citizens. These two tyrannical decisions are entirely judicially created and are thus UNDEMOCRATIC suppression of human rights.

Franklin had also proposed that judges should be nominated by lawyers, and not by government. That was simply not accepted. Understanding the error of our ways is essential, for when we fall off the cliff and try to pick ourselves up, we should learn from the mistakes of the past.