Category Food and Agriculture

Mar 17 2022

NATO Calls up Hundreds of Thousands of Troops Ready to Begin WWIII


Armstrong Economics Blog/War Re-Posted Mar 17, 2022 by Martin Armstrong

The pressure to start World War III is on. NATO now expects that there will be a major war with Russia and the confrontation may come even in a few weeks. The NATO Secretary-General announced an increased war alert for hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Stoltenberg issued a joint statement with US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, stating that hundreds of thousands of NATO troops were placed on high alert along with 100,000 US troops.

The problem with war is that BOTH sides lie and twist the facts to support their own agenda. They paint their adversary as evil to stir up the troops to go fight and risk their lives typically for fake stories and agendas.

The Press is deliberately trying to create World War III and is engaged in using photos of children hurt and others from events unrelated to Ukraine. This is all to beat the war drums to create World War III without any honest understanding of what that will mean.

Despite the hatred and demonization of Putin, he has been trying to take the high road. Zelensky has been following his orders and refusing to compromise on anything.

As a Young World Lead, he is showing the same authoritarian approach as Trudeau in Canada as well as Australia and New Zealand who are all on board with this Great Reset.

We may see this crisis turn into a confrontation as soon as the week of April 18th going into the first week of May based upon our computer models. I am glad I spent a fair portion of my life in Europe to see all the historical monuments before these people feel the need to destroy the world over two provinces in Ukraine. I fear this time, the monuments will not survive.

Pray for civilization for we have madmen leading the West into World War III all so they can Build Back Better as they did following World War II with Bretton Woods II, but this time we are facing a completely different war with biological weapons and nuclear war.

Unfortunately, the press will NEVER tell us the truth or explain just why people are expected to lose their lives for some noble cause that is always wrong in propaganda to support a political agenda. This time, the bombs will be wiping out American cities unlike World War I and II.

Mar 17 2022

The Scheme behind the Great Reset


Armstrong Economics Blog/Great Reset Re-Posted Mar 17, 2022 by Martin Armstrong

As the press covered Zelnensky’s professional speech carried out by his acting training, he continued to try to pull on the heartstrings of the American people to further the hatred of Putin and to wage World War III. He knows what he is asking for and he is not stupid. Zelensky said on March 16 that World War III may have already started amid the Russia–Ukraine conflict. He is desperately trying to create World War III. This will end up nuclear and he is no hero, and the press had better start doing some real investigative work before it is too late.

The National Hero of Ukraine in Zelensky’s mind is Stephan Bandera who was a Ukrainian Nazi in whose name they massacred hundreds of Jews, Poles, and Russians with the same philosophy of ethnic purity. The Ukrainian Nazis were protected by the CIA and the Neocons BECAUSE they also hated Russians. The German Nazis were put on trial but the US covered up the Ukrainian Nazis because they hated Russians and that warranted their partnership.

Bandera’s monument stands in Ukraine not as a Nazi war criminal, but as a national hero. The Jews who hunted down Nazis who fled never knew the full story about the Ukrainian Nazis who the US protected.

The money that was behind Zelensky for his career came from an oligarch linked to George Soros who did what he could to make sure Zelensky knows that his repeated call for the U.S. to enforce a no-fly zone over Ukraine will not spare his country – it will result in its total destruction. That will be an all-out war between the United States and Russia which will drag in China and North Korea as well as in the Balkans from Serbia and Belarus just for starters. Iran will love to join the party against the West and you can bet that will result in bombs falling on Israel.

Even the latest James Bond movie was about bioweapons that can target an individual or a specific ethnicity. This is why Macron refused to take a COVID test in Russia because that would give them his DNA. The Biolabs the US has been running on the border of Russia in Ukraine and China are alleged to be engaged in creating such bioweapons. The US denies that but they also refuse to allow international observers to inspect these facilities – 130 in total.

George Soros in fact acknowledged in an interview with CNN that he actively contributed to the overthrow of former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych in 2014. He said:

“I created a foundation in Ukraine before it became independent from Russia. The foundation has functioned since then and has played an important role in current events,”

Soros supported  Volodymyr Zelenskyy for President and his friend secretly financed Zelensky – the Ukrainian oligarch Igor Kolomoisky. It was Kolomisky whose name surfaced in the Pandora Papers investigation, which was uncovered tracing money laundering by more than 600 journalists. The worldwide probe by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), included work by journalists from the Ukrainian as well. They connected the financial dealings of Zelensky’s television production company Studio Kvartal 95 to the Ukrainian oligarch Igor Kolomoisky. Today, Kolomoisky is a person of interest in investigations in Ukraine, Britain, and the United States. However, now that Zelensky is being portrayed as a hero standing against Putin, now of this will see the light of day.

Now we have Soros out in force claiming that China in league with Russia will “destroy our civilization” when it fact Zelensky is the puppet pushing desperately for World War III so the Neocons can wage war against China and Russia and they think they will get to then usher in the Great Reset and restart the world monetary system all over again with the United Nations as the one-world governing body.

So while everyone cheers Zelensky, they have no idea what cost there will be is getting involved in Ukraine. Zelensky could have easily saved his country by just ending the idea of joining NATO, allowing the two provinces to vote on the separation as was in the Minsk Agreement of 2014, and end all claims to Crimea which was historically Russian territory that was simply assigned to Ukraine for governorship under the Soviet Union. Ukraine was never its own country before the Soviet Union.

This is all being well played and they are desperate for the people to plead for war and that will be the crowning glory for the Great Reset – a completely new world order.

Mar 17 2022

Energy Secretary Admits White House Using Ukraine Crisis as “Urgent Moment” To Transition US to Clean Energy


Posted originally on the conservative tree house on March 16, 2022 | Sundance 

Following the familiar pattern of never letting a crisis go to waste, the Biden administration has now admitted their intent, with the opportunity Ukraine represents, is to fundamentally change the U.S. energy program to Green New Deal objectives.

As they did with the COVID crisis, it is not the actual crisis that matters, but the government response to the crisis.  That response is what triggers the fundamental change.  As noted by Keeler, “there is no reason a contained conflict on the edges of Europe should be fundamentally altering the global financial system. The hysterical overreaction is doing that, as it was intended to.”

The same approach applies to oil and a totally new energy program. Jennifer Granholm claims that the crisis in Europe is an “urgent moment” to transition to “clean energy.”  Secretary Jennifer Granholm made the admission recently during remarks at a climate change discussion, while seated next to John Podesta {Direct Rumble Link}, WATCH:

Mar 14 2022

Sunday Talks, John Kirby Questioned About U.S. Military Presence at Lviv Military Center Bombed Earlier in Day


Posted originally on the conservative tree house on March 13, 2022

Pentagon Spokesperson John Kirby stated in this interview that “no U.S. service members were killed in the attack” that took place near the Ukraine-Poland border in the town of Lviv.   However, it is important to qualify that government “contractors” are often used in these Military training centers.

The military compound in Lviv, which is only 15 miles from the border with Poland, was being used as a military “training facility” for Ukrainian forces.  Knowing the U.S. and NATO were funneling weapons into Ukraine through this specific region, it stands to reason this “training facility” was targeted by Russia specifically because it was a weapons cache for arms flowing into Ukraine.

John Kirby appeared on ABC shortly after the compound targeting was public. WATCH:

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(WaPo) […] On Sunday, Russia’s Ministry of Defense issued a statement that was at odds with the Ukrainian account and threatened more such attacks. “At these facilities, the Kyiv regime deployed a training center for foreign mercenaries before being sent to the areas of hostilities against Russian military personnel, as well as a storage base for weapons and equipment coming from foreign countries,” the statement said. (link)

The [Lviv] facility is indeed the “main training center where U.S. and Canadian troops have been working with our Ukrainian partners for the last 6-7 years,” retired Lt. Gen. Ben Hodges, who served as commander of U.S. Army Europe during the Obama and Trump administrations, said via text.

Mar 14 2022

Sunday Talks, El Erian Predicts, Accurately, Inflation To Climb Beyond Ten Percent This Year


Posted originally on the conservative tree house on March 13, 2022

Mohamed El-Erian, the chief economic adviser for Allianz, got the inflation problem correct; states a forecast in line with CTH Main Street review, but then falls short on his political outlook for the solution.

Within the interview, El-Erian predicts inflation at the current CPI measure will increase from current 7.9% to over 10% this year.  That aspect is in alignment with CTH review at ground level.

Current real inflation is more than 15% across the board, if you use the CPI methodology we were using in the 70’s and 80’s.  Both the scale and the speed of the current price increases are historic.  That is why you are seeing prices on retail items jumping so high, so fast.  The price increases on highly consumable goods are in the 15 to 20% range.  WATCH:

An increase to over 10%, using current CPI measures, equals an increase of 25 to 30% in actual price (using historic measures).  Keep in mind, we have already passed through a wave of backward-looking inflation in the 25 to 30% range.  El-Erian is predicting a duplication of that scale into the remainder of 2022, I agree.  The 2020 $3 item became the 2021 $4 item, which will now become the 2022 $5.50 item.  That is our reality. It will not get better.

Where we differ from El-Erian is on the wage side and the political analysis.  Any political intervention to create govt subsidy with the goal to generate a higher workforce will backfire – bigly.  Recent historic employment statistics have not yet reflected the demand side decline in goods.  The employment data is skewed and useless because of the COVID mitigation impact on jobs.

The employment picture is only just now starting to reflect the demand side drop.  Wages will not grow and will not provide fuel for inflation.  The currently hidden workforce reductions are generating downward pressure on wages naturally.  Adding subsidies (childcare etc), to generate a higher workforce into an environment with declining available jobs, will backfire.

Sector specific unions negotiating for higher wage contracts will find themselves trying to get wage increases while the top line of the organization is dropping due to lack of demand.   Unfortunately, the AFSCME is generally immune to this problem – government spending can always expand.

This is where El-Erian’s connection to Wall Street is his blind spot.  If what he suggests were carried out, govt will print money to cover even more deficit spending (the BBB agenda). That increased money supply will create even more inflation at the same time real life wage pressures are going down because the economy is contracting, and workers are getting laid-off.

The economy, quantified by the goods/services generated (minus imports), has been contracting since mid 2021.  The govt COVID subsidies created artificial and unnatural demand for goods.  If you take the massive COVID expenditures ($5+ trillion) out of the 2021 economy, the result is a recession that began mid 2021.

That bloated chicken, which carried the inflation created by the printing, is coming home to roost.  There ain’t no way in hell to avoid it.  The recession exists, regardless of our desire to ignore it or fill the hole with more QE printing.

The inflation problem is now magnified by the need for the Fed to raise interest rates and stop purchasing our own debt.  Raising interest rates will lower investment and naturally create fewer jobs.  The economy will contract further and faster.  El-Erian accurately notes there is no positive way out of this scenario, there are bad options and worse options.  The difference between them is how slow or fast we want to take off the bandaid.

$3 – $4 bread in 2020, became $4 – $5 bread in 2021, which will become $5.50 – $6.50 bread mid-summer 2022.  Other food store averages will follow a similar rate of price increase.  The processed food inflation is settling down, however, fresh foods inflation will now take over and has only just begun.  Fresh fruits and vegetables will increase in price at roughly twice the rate of processed goods.

Chemical product price increases should level off mid-summer; however, with unleaded gasoline still on target for $7/gal [diesel $8/$9 (range)] the packaging, transportation and distribution costs will continue putting upward pressure on finished good prices.

All of these things were going to happen this year, regardless of Russia and Ukraine.  The European conflict is now just a convenient excuse to avoid blame for outcomes of the underlying policies.

This economic reality is not exclusively a U.S. issue; however, the scale of the economic problem is exclusively a U.S. issue.  The globe may drop into a recession, but our hole will be far worse.

Mar 12 2022

Tucker Carlson Outlines Biden Strategy To Blame Russia for Outcomes of White House Economic Policy


Posted originally on the conservative tree house on March 11, 2022 | sundance

Tucker Carlson used his monologue tonight to give a big picture review of how the White House is using the Ukraine-Russia conflict to hide the economic outcomes created by their policy.

Massive inflation on basic necessities, combined with rising gas, fuel and energy costs are crippling the working class.  The White House is now using the Russia-Ukraine conflict as an excuse to hide their responsibility.   It’s an accurate outline. WATCH:

Mar 12 2022

White House Briefing Tik Tok Battalion To Advance NATO War Effort in Ukraine


Posted originally on the conservative tree house March 11, 2022 | sundance

If you remember this very important quote from two weeks ago, what follows will make a lot more sense:

…”Strategic success in the 21st century is not about a physical land grab of territory; that’s what Putin has done.  In this century, strategic power is increasingly measured and exercised by economic strength, by technological sophistication and your story – who you are, what your values are; can you attract ideas and talent and goodwill? And on each of those measures, this will be a failure for Russia.”

~ Deputy National Security Advisor Daleep Singh

White House Deputy National Security Advisor Daleep Singh boiled down geopolitical power to a cultural issue of social likeability.  This is genuinely what the people running the Biden administration believe.

Everyone in the Biden administration is, after all, spawned in the petri-dish of community activism. When they successfully installed Barack Obama, the premise of their strategy proved accurate.   Within this political and cultural strategy, pop icons are used as influencers and policy ambassadors.

This report today from the Washington Post is directly aligned:

(Washington Post) – On Thursday afternoon, 30 top TikTok stars gathered on a Zoom call to receive key information about the war unfolding in Ukraine. National Security Council staffers and White House press secretary Jen Psaki briefed the influencers about the United States’ strategic goals in the region and answered questions on distributing aid to Ukrainians, working with NATO and how the United States would react to a Russian use of nuclear weapons.  (read more)

It is very easy to snark or ridicule this approach from the position of being an intelligent adult in a world of childishness.  However, we dismiss it at our own peril.

When the COVID mitigation “rules” and compliance mandates were first announced, many of us looked at the absurdity of it all. Examples:

Standing at a bar having a drink was dangerous and could rapidly lead to an airborne coronavirus infection, but if you were seated you were safe.  We laughed at the stupidity of the rules, the entire premise was ridiculous.  However, a whole lot of people never even grasped the absurdity, because they no longer think in these rational or logical terms.

If you walked into a Walmart superstore in Michigan, you could purchase food safely; but if you picked up a can of paint the coronavirus would suddenly become more dangerous.  The hardware, seeds and paint section of the building was roped off to stop those purchases in order to protect people from the coronavirus.  Again, the absurdity of the policy was beyond silly, but the policy remained in place didn’t it?

Similarly, we might remember a man paddleboarding alone far offshore in the Pacific Ocean of Southern California.  However, his isolated recreational activity was dangerous in the era of widespread coronavirus panic.  The man was quickly surrounded by police boats and gunships from the U.S. customs and border protection for violating the coronavirus lockdown rules. He was arrested.   The absurdity of it was missed by many.

These are just a few examples of context to frame the process of using Tik Tok social media dancers to advance regional geopolitical strategies in the complex NATO war operations around Ukraine.

Does the briefing of Tik Tok dancers, social media ‘influencers’, to advance NATO objectives seem bizarre?  Sure it does.  However, is it any more bizarre than the expressed implications of danger from purchasing paint -vs- fried chicken at Walmart?

We are living in an era of great duality.  If the government told everyone on the planet that wearing a red T-Shirt would protect you from the coronavirus, approximately one-third of the global population would immediately purchase the red shirts.  They wouldn’t even think twice about it, because they carry no baseline reference point, no intellectual or cognitive skillset, to question the basic absurdity of it.

As someone wrote recently in the comments section:

“I can honestly say that a third of the country knows what’s coming, a third has an idea that things aren’t right, and the other third thinks the elite sh!t rainbows.”

It’s a rough sketch of our current reality that rings true.

The White House briefing Tik Tok dancers so they can promote strategic NATO war initiatives on their platform?   Yup.

Once you see the strings on the marionettes you can never go back to that moment in the performance when you did not see them.

The reason you are noticing the absurdity of things more frequently is not only because there’s more absurdity, it’s also because those who create the absurdity believe the audience who can see through the constructs is overwhelmed by it.

Ukrainian President and Puppet Volodymyr Zelenskyy

Everything about Ukraine is a Potemkin village created by political leaders in the U.S.  It’s all propaganda and BS, but it is also a ruse that must be retained.  Insert vote, pull lever, get propaganda pellet – move along.  Open Tik Tok, select fav, get propaganda pellet – move along.

If you really elevate yourself, what you might find is the larger battle boils down to two teams – Team Windmills -vs- Team Oil.  The global yellow vests, including us, are essentially collateral damage.

Mar 12 2022

History Rhyming, Biden Administration Constructs Familiar War Plan Using Qatar as Long-Term Mechanism to Fund Protracted War in Ukraine


Posted originally on the conservative tree house on March 11, 2022 | sundance

Mark Twain was reported to have said, “History may not always repeat, but it rhymes.”  With the Obama foreign policy team back together again in the White House, we are watching Twain’s truism play out in real time.

Yesterday, the Biden administration specifically designated Qatar as a major non-NATO ally {LINK}.

The purpose of this designation is brutally obvious. The United States is putting Qatar back into the business of brokering arms sales from the U.S. government into Ukraine.  Following the geopolitical intervention models previously used in Egypt, Libya and Syria by President Obama and Hillary Clinton, Joe Biden and Antony Blinken are now repeating the process toward Ukraine.

In many ways this should not be a surprise.  Qatar is the financial hub and support network for the Muslim Brotherhood.  Qatar is also the arms broker for covert military operations when the U.S. does not want visible fingerprints.

By making this designation now, the Biden administration is setting up the groundwork for a long-term proxy war between the U.S/NATO and Russia in Ukraine.

The designation provides the people around Joe Biden with the mechanism to write finding memos which will authorize the CIA and State Department to conduct the proxy war in Ukraine, and the U.S. Senate will now facilitate authorization as they did in Libya.

What this designation also tells us is that the U.S. is deploying the Ukraine insurgency model for the long haul.

We are going to be sending massive amounts of military hardware and financial support into Ukraine, to support the Ukraine ‘rebels’, and Qatar will work as the U.S/NATO broker for the equipment sales.   This is what Brotherhood organizer John McCain called the “Libyan model.”

Additionally, the always annoying position of Turkey as a NATO partner is going to become more important as the old alliance gets back into operational mode.  Turkish President Recep Erdogan will have a role to play in this; keep watching and we should see Turkey appear in more headlines as the conflict within Ukraine continues.

Let’s take the 2011 “Libya Model” playbook and give a refresh to the new 2022 players for Ukraine:

  • President Obama replaced by Joe Biden
  • Secretary of State Clinton replaced by Secretary Antony Blinken
  • CIA Director Leon Panetta is now Director Bill Burns
  • Defense Secretary Robert Gates is now Secretary Lloyd Austin
  • Senator John McCain is now Senator Lindsey Graham
  • NATO Commander General Stavridis is now General Philippe Lavigne
  • Victoria Nuland, John Kerry, Susan Rice and Samantha Powers remain/return as they are.

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Ukraine is the new proxy war geography, replacing Libya

  • The key geopolitical alliance members on Team NATO will be the U.S., Canada, U.K, Turkey, Australia, New Zealand and Qatar
  • The key geopolitical alliance members on Team Putin will be Russia, China, Iran and Syria.

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Support for new Biden alliance between The Brotherhood and NATO will be a little complex, as Iran is pro-brotherhood and also pro-Putin.

Additionally, Israel is a very tenuous pro-Biden, but definitely not pro-Brotherhood. Watch how Mark Levin and Ben Shapiro line up on this one with buckets of hypocrisy – supporting the Brotherhood against Putin, yet denouncing the Brotherhood overall.

The Israeli media lobby is pushing hard against Russia because their arch-nemesis is Iran (a Russian ally).  The scale of propaganda delivered by the MSM is a reflection of scale of this effort.

There will be soft support for Russia from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Arab states, along with OPEC.  That group does not support Qatar, the Brotherhood (now aligned against Putin), or Iran which is solidly pro-Putin.

There will be pressures from Biden toward India and Brazil who lean toward Russia in this Ukraine conflict, and they have a strategic economic alliance in their BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) agreements.

Senate and House Republicans will be pro-Biden, as they use Ukraine as a proxy war against Russia.  The DC Republican class don’t give a rat’s ass about what their voters want.  When it comes to war, they and their corporate allies love it.

In the United States – Democrats, Republicans, Wall Street, Big Tech and the multinational corporations are always aligned in a pro proxy war stance.  This is why Big Tech announced yesterday it is okay right now to support Nazis in Ukraine and violence against Russians.

Obviously, we will keep watching it play out, but that’s the basic outline.

Mar 12 2022

Clueless Kamala Embarrassingly Showcases Lack of Competence During Visit to Romania


Posted originally on the conservative tree house on March 11, 2022 | sundance 

March 11, 2022 | sundance | 255 Comments

Kamala Harris held a bilateral meeting with Romanian President Klaus Iohannis in Bucharest, one day after talks between Ukraine and Russia’s foreign ministers failed to bring any pause in the conflict.

At the end of their meeting, Kamala Harris and President Klaus Iohannis held a press availability.  The level of intellectual incompetence displayed by Harris is off the charts. WATCH:

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Full Presser:

Mar 11 2022

The Great Economic Destruction & COMPLEXITY


Armstrong Economics Blog/Socrates Re-Posted Mar 11, 2022 by Martin Armstrong

COMMENT #1: OK Marty, it is now becoming obvious that not only Trump reads your stuff but so does Obama. Trump bought a $19 million remote island and Obama bought one for $15 million. This is not a coincidence. Your war cycle goes nuts next year and we have the worst crop of world leaders pushing us into oblivion. I think it’s to fess up to all the elites who are your clients.

UT

COMMENT #2: I remember you said you don’t know how Socrates does it. Are you any closer to finding out how it is actually predicting events? Do you think it is connecting to a different dimension/realm? everything is possible!
All the best
M

ANSWER: Neither Trump nor Obama subscribe to our services, at least under their own name. Just about every government is tapping into our forecasts because the computer has called just about everything in my life to my own amazement. They held me in contempt and desperately tried to have me build it for them. I said we would run whatever study they wanted, but the CIA simply replied that they had to own it. It took many years for me to stand up against that, for it would have deprived my main objective to show that there may be a better way to manage society — living with the cycle instead of trying to suppress it. Fed Chairman Arthur Burns concluded that all the battles trying to defeat the business cycle always failed because of COMPLEXITY.

I believe that the success of Socrates is based upon COMPLEXITY that we as humans cannot fully comprehend, no less see. I believe the world economy is much like a rainforest where there are countless species of insects, animals, plant life, and different components of soil. Perhaps as Darwin theorized, it was survival of the fittest, and that same concept emerges within the global economy.

Like the rain forest, kill one species, and that may have been the food source for another which then dies off. The ripple effect is so complex that we have no idea what the true implications will be. But our arrogance is always reducing everything to a single cause and effect because we are incapable of understanding COMPLEXITY. We harm everything we touch with this primitive form of analysis just like these climate change zealots that hang everything on CO2 when CO2 is the life element behind all plant life. Reduce CO2 to zero, and they have no idea what will happen to the planet all because they think CO2 increases the temperature looking at data only back to 1850.

You cannot win an argument against a fool. Thus, it is impossible to convince these climate change zealots that they are wrong and the world is far more COMPLEX. As Julius Caesar once said: “In most cases, men willingly believe what they wish.”

I believe the success of Socrates is that it sorts out the COMPLEXITY that we as humans cannot see. It is monitoring everything and in the process, what emerges is the cycle of time itself. Indeed, every action causes an equal and opposite reaction. The sanctions imposed upon Russia and arbitrarily the Russian people for a corrupt regime in Ukraine set the stage for the inevitable what I call The Great Economic Destruction.

When Russia turned Communist, that ended world trade. The dissolution of the old Central European empires created twelve new states, and each put up trade barriers to protect their economies. That combined with Russia being isolated economically by the Communist Revolution was no longer connected to the world. It had been the main exporter of a large volume of raw materials and food in exchange for Eastern European manufactured goods. This contributed to the Great Depression as well as the food shortages.

Today, the sanctions against Russia will be permanent, for this will only harden Russia’s resolve and bind Russia and China together. Biden has singlehanded destroyed the world economy in just a few weeks. Economically, this will seriously unhinge the European economy in particular. After the stupidity of COVID restrictions that disrupted the world’s supply chain, sending inflation already to test the 8% level without Russian sanctions, we will see nothing but higher prices and economic decline all because our world leaders act out of hatred are ignorant of COMPLEXITY. The sanctions against Russia are much more devious than most suspect. They have the same fingerprints as the COVID Scam and that is to end the use of fossil fuels. The problem, is Germany has no alternative – but they cannot think or see beyond the end of their nose.