Tag Archives: Hyperinflation

May 16 2019

Capital Controls v Protectionism


Armstrong Economic Blog/Regulation

Re-Posted May 16, 2019 by Martin Armstrong

QUESTION: Marty; You mentioned at the cocktail party in Rome, which was spectacular BTW, that your concern would be capital controls emerging when the euro starts to break hard. Do you have a time frame for that?

WJ

ANSWER: Yes, the view from the cocktail party was spectacular. A bit cold; we could have used that global warming.

We saw Turkey move to entertain that which set off the contagion in emerging markets overnight. While the history books tend to put the blame for the Great Depression at the feet of corporation, as did Galbraith, they never mention the Sovereign Defaults of 1931 or the fact that there were capital controls imposed.

The flight of capital to the dollar was met by imposing capital controls. These capital controls may have solved the flight of capital immediately, but at the cost of a complete collapse in confidence in Europe as a whole. The lesson from 1931 was not that of PROTECTIONISM, which killed trade, but it was the imposition of capital controls that brought international trade to a halt. If capital could not be exported, then commerce could not buy any goods. This was far more drastic than protectionism with tariffs. There just seems to be very questionable analysis applied which was either by true idiots, or more likely, the analysis deliberately hid the actions of government to justify the takeover by Marxist Socialism.

The time frame where we may see governments resort to capital controls may arrive in 2021-2022. We MUST be realistic that capital controls are far worse that trade disputes.

May 14 2019

QE & Its Failure


Armstrong Economics Blog/Central Banks

Re-Posted May 14, 2019 by Martin Armstrong

QUESTION: Dear Martin,
During WEC in Rome I came to understand that the issue with QE is that it did not create any inflation in the USA. On the other hand, as you mentioned the inflation is being calculated in a different way that it used to be in the future. How come then the US does not just change the way of calculating the inflation in a way which would show it’s there? Wouldn’t that be an easier way than to do more QEs?
Thank you,

MK

ANSWER: The primary reason QE fails is because the economy is global. Central banks can no longer manage the economy, for the money does not remain in isolation. Additionally, as I pointed out in Rome, they may have negative interest rates, but that does not pass through. You cannot borrow money from a bank at negative rates.

May 13 2019

The Threat of Protectionism


Armstrong Economics Blog/Regulation

Re-Posted May 13, 2019 by Martin Armstrong

QUESTION: Marty:

I read you every day and I am one of the fortunate people to have a financial advisor that attends your Conference every year in the US.

I am wondering how Airbus will be affected in the future as the Euro further declines.

Thanks, RM

ANSWER: This is one of the aspects that caused the protectionism during the 1930s. As the turmoil in Europe unfolded, capital fled to the dollar pushing it higher. This invoked protectionism also propelled by the decline in commodity prices. The protectionism began with the agricultural sector and then spread to other areas.

As the dollar is pushed higher, we will see protectionism rise again probably 2021-2022. European companies that do not have professional hedging departments will suffer greatly.

May 10 2019

Moving from QE to Just Monetizing Government


Armstrong Economics Blog/Central Banks

Re-Posted May 10, 2019 by Martin Armstrong

QUESTION: Mr, Armstrong; Why the push for lower interest rates again in developed markets? You have stated the QE has been a total failure. Are they incapable of doing anything else?

KE

ANSWER: We are switching from QE to a new reality of budget management. If interest rates rise on government bonds, the budget blows out. At this stage, the Fed is toying with the idea of setting benchmark rates for 2 to 10-year instruments. This will be different than QE. It will be the collapse of government bond markets on a global scale.

Categories: Central Banks, Interest Ra
May 9 2019

ETF v Mutual Fund


Armstrong Economics Blog/Basic Concepts

Re-Posted May 9, 2019 by Martin Armstrong

QUESTION: Are ETFs really better than a mutual fund for tax purposes?

HS

ANSWER: The primary difference between mutual funds and ETFs (exchange-traded funds) is that while an open-end mutual fund is priced once based upon the market closing, ETFs as well as a closed-end mutual funds trade all day. This actually goes back to the Panic of 1966 when mutual funds were open-ended but traded on the exchange and were bid up and down based on emotion rather than net asset value. The crash took place because mutual funds were at times selling well above net asset value.

If we look at the reforms post-1966, investors in mutual funds buy or sell them directly from the mutual-fund companies themselves. That creates a different tax structure than an ETF in which purchases go to the market and the ETF is simply created by purchasing the underlying basket.

Mutual funds and most ETFs are governed by the Investment Company Act of 1940. Therefore, this legislation treats them like a pass-through company. When a mutual-fund investor wants to sell, the fund sells shares of appreciated stock to generate cash which creates a taxable capital gain. Since most funds operate as simple pass-through vehicles, those tax liabilities from the gains accrue to all investors in the fund including those who have not sold any holding.

ETFs actually do avoid that type of tax issue. ETFs are not direct buyers or sellers of shares as a mutual fund. The ETF is created by a market maker with a special contract with the ETF provider. The investor has the newly created ETF share which is created by purchasing all of the holdings in the underlying ETF. This basket of shares is given to the ETF issuer thereby creating the ETF shares.

Because an ETF is not a direct buyer of the underlying shares as in a mutual fund, the ETF itself is not a buyer or seller. The basket of shares are swapped and are therefore in-kind transactions, thus there is no pass-through capital-gains tax bill. This is the tax advantage of an ETF over a mutual fund.

Cate