Could the Fed Ever Exit the Repo Market?


It is stunning how after more than three months, the analysis on the repo market is still nowhere close to reality. I believe that those in the trenches are, like me, afraid to really explain what is taking place for fear they will be blamed for creating a financial panic.

The popular explanation in September was repeated by the Wall Street Journal: “For one, Monday marked the deadline for companies to submit their quarterly federal tax payments.” This was standard analysis put out by the countless pundits the press rely upon and they have to come up with some explanation and quick. When analysts spout out their explanations to mainstream media it is because they are trying to get business. People have often asked me why I do not do mainstream media interviews. First, I do not need the business. Secondly, when you have real clients, they prefer to pay for information and do not want it on the front pages of newspapers for free. They appreciate analysis that is exclusive rather than as common as dirt. Hence, the analysis put out in the press about the Repo Crisis is coming from people who have no real clients in the area and lack the expertise in the field to start with.

Not even the central banks understood what was going on because even they tend to be domestically oriented. Despite the obvious fact that we live in a global economy, all the economic theories, analysis, and experience have been domestically focused. Unless someone has been in the trenches globally, they will never see the wildcard coming from external sources. Hence, we get the calls to explain things ONLY because they know all the other major institutions are also coming to us as some sort of the central point of reference.

The question that is now dominating everyone’s inquiries, can the Fed exit the repo market after being the dominant source of liquidity for more than three months? What will it take for the Federal Reserve to withdraw from its daily liquidity operations in this $2.2 trillion market for repurchase agreements (repos)?

All I am prepared to say publicly is that the solution is beyond the powers of all the central banks combined. The solution is not attainable without political concessions, which politically are just off the table. This is going to require a major reform that is unlikely to take place and will not even be recognized until the crisis erupts on a much larger scale

Pension Crisis – Congress is Unable to Act Because of Gridlock


Trump has called the Democrats the do-nothings. All they have been focused on is impeaching Trump for the polls they are looking at behind the curtain all show Trump will beat whoever they put up as their candidate. the motto has been – if you can’t beat him, impeach him. There is no other area where the Democrats have just failed to act with a major crisis looming in 2021 than the spreading of the Pension Crisis.

There are pensions that are multi-employer funds which are perhaps the first to fall in the private sector. The Republicans did slip a rescue package into the massive $1.4 trillion spending bill passed last month. That was all because the United Mine Workers of America pensions would have failed completely and the push from environmentalists against mining and energy only puts pensions in those areas at serious risk after 2020.

The Republicans, interestingly enough, have no problem with the bailout but want to raise premiums that employers must contribute. Conversely, the Democrats who have been backed by such unions have argued for low-interest loans and not to force higher premiums on employees or employers.

The Republicans and Democrats are so deeply divided on how to solve the broader pension crisis problem, that this immediate impasse illustrates what I have been warning about that government is just collapsing incapable of bipartisan solutions. The Democrats simply refuse to act for they fear that Trump would get the credit for solving the pension crisis among unions that traditionally have backed the Democrats.

This entire issue has become not about solving any crisis but who gets credit and thus we have a government incapable of acting for the benefit of the people. As I have said, this is how governments eventually collapse. They become so corrupt and divided, they are incapable of managing the state.

 

FOREX & the Wild West Days of the ’80s


QUESTION: Mr. Armstrong; I was told that you were indeed the largest forecaster in foreign exchange. The story in London is you advised nearly all the Middle East and were the most important adviser on currency to BCCI, the bank the governments took down back in 1991 along with Salomon Brothers. They made a movie about BCCI. Is it true that you were an adviser to BCCI?

HS

ANSWER: The ’80s were the wild west in finance. I have told the story of how many banks operated back then. I would be called in and told someone wanted to give me $1 billion to manage back then when $1 billion was a lot of money (now it’s trillions). I would go to various banks and there would be a curtain between me and the potential client. I was not allowed to know who they were. I was turning down that business because it was just too wild for me.

Yes, we were advising BCCI on foreign exchange. They were passing it on to specific clients who at the time I did not know. I became concerned when I accepted an account for who I believed was a Saudi individual. The account was opened at Rudolf Wolf in London and after a few months of tracing all the various layers of corporations, it turned out I was managing money for none other than Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi. I closed the account and within a matter of weeks, he was back through a completely different channel.

Perhaps one day I will write a book about those days. I ended up managing money for even Mr. Khashoggi once owned one of the world’s largest yachts, the 86-meter Nabila, which appeared in the James Bond film “Never Say Never Again,” which was later bought by Donald Trump. On top of that, what I thought was a company turned out to be a secret partnership between Gaddafi, Khashoggi, and Ferdinand Marcus of the Philippines.

The Floating Foreign Exchange Rate system had just begun in 1971. This was not a subject you could go get a degree in. This was a field built from scratch and it took a trader’s understanding of the world economy to cope with the events of the 70s and 80s. I was the leading adviser in FX because there really were no others with any track record. When I say I was called into just about every crisis from 1973 onward, it is not an exaggeration.

I was advising BCCI on currency globally. I was advising a company called GRANEDEX which turned out to be a front for Russia. I could never tell who was who. I had even the counter-revolutionary army in Iran coming to me for they were trading to make money to overthrow the religious government in Iran. I would be on a phone call with a client from Saudi Arabia who asked about gold and I said it depended on what OPEC would say that day. He put me on hold and dialed into the OPEC meeting and they put me on speakerphone. Those days taught me about war and how capital flows could be used to forecast war and geopolitical events. It cut my teeth of those wild west days.

I have handled some of the biggest projects ever and advised globally. To this day, we have people attending the World Economic Conference from 137 different countries. Because the world was such a crazy wild west sort of atmosphere, I turned to be just an institutional adviser of public corporations because I gave up on trying to figure out who the clients really were at times.

 

Can Central Banks Ever Control Long-Term Rates?


QUESTION: Marty, you said that central banks can only control short-term rates not long-term. Do you see a scenario where they could control the long-term rates?

Thank you for your insight

DH

ANSWER: If you ASSUME that there is a free market, then the answer is no possible way. Under a hybrid market, a central bank can split between public and private debt as is taking place in Japan. The Bank of Japan has announced it will buy unlimited amounts of government bonds to prevent interest rates from rising.

Under this hybrid market, a central bank can simply buy all government debt but this results in the total destruction of any free market in government debt. The government should at that point just print money and not even bother to issue any debt.

This results in a divergence between the fake government bond rates and the free market private interest rates. The spread will widen dramatically. Even during the Great Depression the spread between AAA corporate debt and government debt fluctuated according to where the confidence resided. As the sovereign debt crisis took place in 1931 with governments defaulting on their debts, the spread diminished as people began to trust corporate debt more so than government debt.

The third possibility is a closed market which means that the government can fix long-term rates that were done with usury laws. Even in Roman times,  Cicero tells us how the cap on interest rates existed only in Italy. This led to excessive interest rates being charged by Brutus in Cappadocia of 40% compared to 10% in Rome.

Paul Volcker had to have the usury rates raised in order to raise interest rates to 14% to fight inflation back in 1981. It was also illegal for a Catholic to charge interest in loans so the Jews were the first bankers coming out of the Dark Ages. The Catholics got around that by stacking the interest costs into the price.

The final type of system that would control long-term rates would be Communism where everything is just outlawed and the economy is entirely closed.

Under a free market, the central bank sets the wholesale short-term rates which is why it has been focused in the repo market. If it attempts to just buy in all government debt, then private rates will rise and that is what is taking place right now. The Fed can peg long-term rates as they did during World War II, but that applied only to government debt. To prevent prices from rising the political legislature imposed wage and price controls.

So there are ways to fix the long-term, but at the cost of a free market.

Why is 2022 A Possible Change in the Presidency?


The year 2022 is showing up as a political change in trend. That often implies a change in leadership. Since that is not a year where a presidential election would take place, given the extreme hostility which has emerged politically and the end of bipartisanship in Washington, there is the potential for the merger of violence with the political change in trend. The last time such a Directional Change showed up was November 1963.

Now look at the bottom of the Kennedy Assassination wave, which was 2015.49 and the peak in the ECM wave itself was 2015.75. Our political model called for the first time a possible third party candidate would win was 2016. We had also warned that 2015.75 was the PEAK in government, but not just the USA, this was on a global scale. The Refugee Crisis in Europe began with Merkel opening the doors to Europe first on August 25, 2015, when she chose to allow Syrian refugees who had already registered elsewhere in the European Union to enter Germany and register there. This temporarily suspended an EU law that requires asylum seekers to be returned to the first country they entered.

Then on Friday, September 4, 2015, Merkel relaxed controls on the border with Austria, allowing tens of thousands of refugees stranded in Hungary to enter Germany. This began Merkel’s so-called open-door refugee policy where she condemned the entire European project. Her actions showed that a single leader of a single EU state could alter the policy of Europe as a whole demonstrating that EU member states became irrelevant.

Then 2015.75 was the start of Big Bang, and indeed interest rates went negative in Europe just before that target and going into 2020 there are now $17+ trillion of negative-yielding European debt. The pension crisis has been building ever since both public and private. In Germany, not only are pensions negative but now the for the first time since 2015, statutory health insurance companies recorded a deficit. In Germany, there is a rising political debate about the relevance of the deficit, but it is clear that contributions are likely to increase significantly in the long-term as premiums are raised.

Therefore, on the major ECM wave which applies globally, we see that 2022.2 (March 14th) is the next key turning point after January 18th. That is lining up with many other cycles and it certainly appears that this will be a critical turning point both politically and economically.

How Do Empires, Nations & City-States Fall – The Dark Age Cycle


 

This is a special report which includes for the first time “The Dark Age Cycle” which looks into how do empires die. Sometimes they just collapse, yet at other times, civilization also collapses and moves into a Dark Age. This report distinguishes all the historical changes which have taken place and the rise and fall of Empires, Nations, and City-States. This dives into the monetary system and how it was reconstructed in order to ascertain the cycles that are so important to understand.

 

This report dives into global contagions and illustrates that while people have suddenly see the economy as global today, it has always been that way. This analysis covers modern financial panics in addition to ancient and draws the analysis and common themes which undermine society. It would be nice if we learned as a society from past mistakes as most of us do on a personal level. Every parent warns their child not to touch the flame of a candle. No matter how often we are warned, everyone still was compelled to see for ourselves.

Society lacks that evolution from experience. Hence, collectively we keep sticking our finger into flame expecting somehow a different result. Worse yet, with every financial crisis, nobody ever asks has this taken place before? Was there a solution that previously worked?

Perhaps this is just why history must repeat. We can only learn from our past mistakes on a personal individual level. Society collectively seem incapable of ever retaining such knowledge. Thus, those of us who can see the trend are compelled to watch others repeat the same mistakes over and over again.

The Report is now Available for $29.50

The Fate of Europe


This is a special report entitled “The Fate of Europe” which dives into the shocking reality behind the curtain of the Euro and why it has failed to become a major reserve currency. The Fate of Europe is a very important report to understand the backdrop to what we face going forward and the risks both for European readers as well as for the rest of the world in light of the risks of global contagions. Like the Great Depression, the crisis we face will begin in Europe once again and spread like a contagion eventually engulfing the world economy.

Nigel Farage delivered the keynote speech at the Rome WEC. He called the World Economic Conferences we have been holding since 1985 – the “alternative to Davos.” This report is unique for two reasons. First, when the Euro was being formed, the commission attended our WEC in London in 1997. I discussed directly on how the create the euro from scratch. We published detailed recommendations back then.

  

This report exposes the reality behind the curtain. The entire design of the EU is to deliberately deny any right of the people to ever vote on their own future. The politicians have assumed that the people are TOO STUPID to know what is best for them. In fact, Germany, the foundation of the entire European economy, was NEVER given the right to vote to join the Euro. Chancellor Kohl admitted that he acted as a dictator because he said if he ever allowed the German people to vote, he would have lost 7 to 3.

This report is essential to understand the risks in Europe. Most people have no clue because the second reason this report is unique is that no European analyst working in any of big financial institutions are ever allowed to criticize the EU or speak negatively about the Euro.

The Fate of Europe … $295

 

Understanding the Global Economy from the Dollar to the Euro


Many people continually talk about the dollar crashing. They say the dollar is supposed to crumble to dust and be dispersed into the wind. The bias against the dollar has been turned into a religion primarily propagated by the gold promoters. Unfortunately, they fail to understand the relationship of the dollar to the world economy. Additionally, they only look at the United States and ignore the economic trends outside the USA.

 

This report deals with the next monetary reform that many will call Bretton Woods II. What is the future for the dollar? Contrary to what many have been preaching since 1971, the dollar has survived. Right now there remains a dollar shortage, which is one reason the dollar has been rising since 2008 when the euro once stood at $1.60. The report also discusses the transition to digital currencies.

Hoarding Dollars ….. $295

The Pursuit of Knowledge


QUESTION: Hello Marty,
I am fascinated by Socrates as it has opened my mind to patterns in my own nature and the flow in life.
In fact, your economic models have open my awareness of the cycles in my life. As I have experienced support, resistance, reversals, phase transition and slingshots out of expanded consciousness. It really is amazing to see this in myself, others, societies and cultures.

Which leads to my question, have you ever been asked to apply and integrate your research with the research of Clare W Grave, specifically his Spiral Dynamics models of human and societal consciousness?

Your economic models are far superiority anything I have ever seen. Same goes for Spiral Dynamics for understanding why and how humans behavior manifests and emerges.
Like you I’m interested in advancing the world to a more sustainable future less driven by self interest and more driven by system’s thinking grounded in unbiased research that lets the data tell the story, rather than setting out to to confirm own perspectives and bias.

I believe your work will be recognized on a much more grand scale by future generations. You definitely are someone who exhibits the characteristics of Stage Yellow & Stage Turquoise thinker. You are rare and are ahead of your time.

Thank you for your work.
MLK

ANSWER: Clare W. Grave’s work in psychology concluded that the mature human being transitions from a current level of cultural existence based on current life conditions to a more complex level in response to (or to cope with) changes in existential reality. Graves’s model demonstrates the dual nature of human social emergence with state changes between communal/collective value systems (sacrifice self) and individualistic (express self) value systems.

I have not sought to integrate my work into his. You must understand that there are a few of us who have learned how humans behave through trading markets. I never considered that what I was writing or doing had any validity or significance in psychology or economics for that matter. It was during the early 1980s when many people began to take notice of what I was doing because I emerged as the leading analyst in foreign exchange in a new world of floating exchange rates.

I was contacted by the Military University known as the Citadel. I was asked for permission to teach the Economic Confidence Model as the key to understanding the economy and war. They told me I was the modern Hegel, which was perhaps the first time I was being compared to any philosopher. Hegelianism is the main philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel (1770–1831) who was also a major influence of Karl Marx and revolutionary movements during the 19th century. Hegel’s philosophy has been summed up by the dictum that “the rational alone is real,” which means that all reality is capable of being expressed in rational categories. His goal was to reduce reality to a more synthetic unity within the system of absolute idealism.

I was then rather shocked when a rather famous central banker called and wanted to meet with me back in the early 1980s. John Exter (1910–2006) was an American economist, member of the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve System, and founder of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. I still have the tape from our meeting which we recorded. He was the first central banker who actually came to my office (Part I of three).

 

 

Audio Player

 

Then I was giving a lecture in Chicago at COMPUTRAC or Market Technicians. Milton Friedman came there to listen to me. When I was finished, he came up and introduced himself and said I was doing what he had only dreamed about when he first wrote about creating a floating exchange rate system in 1953. We became friends after that meeting.

When it came time to create the G5 in 1985, I was asked for my opinion. I was opposed to the manipulation of the dollar by announcing it would be lowered by 40% under the pretense that would reduce the trade deficit and create jobs. I expressed my objection to President Reagan and the White House was compelled to respond.

 

By the 1987 Crash, then the Presidential Task Force, known as the Brady Commission, was compelled to call me in because we ended up with a few clients on the Commission who insisted I be brought in because we had not only forecast the event due to foreign exchange, but that the day of the low we also said that was the low and new highs would be seen by 1989. When the 1989 Japanese Crash took place, I had two central banks on the phone simultaneously asking if they needed to intervene into the foreign exchange markets to stem it from spreading into a global contagion. I advised it was contained to Japan and they did not need to intervene.

Because I became a forecaster of foreign exchange and helped companies do takeovers and reorganized them as to what countries to set up in, former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher wanted to meet the guy who was restructuring companies and placing so much foreign business into Britain. We too became friends and she even spoke at our World Economic Conference.

 

When the British pound was being attacked by Soros, the administration of John Major called and asked how long was the attack of the pound going to last? I advised that they had to devalue the pound. I was told they could not because Prime Minister John Major said he would not devalue the pound and the goal was to join the euro. This became the ERM Crisis. My advice was to exit the ERM and allow the pound to seek its own level.

In 1997, I warned Treasurer Robert Rubin against trying to talk down the dollar for trade as they attempted back in 1987. Again, while I managed to to get them to stop that nonsense, the capital flows had nonetheless shifted from Asia back to Europe to get on board for the coming euro. This resulted in me being called in by the central bank of China as a result of the 1997 Asian Currency Crisis.

I have never sought to correlate my work with any others. I have been a trader, not an academic. I have been called the modern Hegel and compared to many others in philosophy as well as psychology. Because the floating exchange rate system was born out of necessity in 1971 as the Bretton Woods system was collapsing, I was often the only voice to be heard who actually had hands-on experience worldwide. When I was asked to testify before Congress in 1996, I was the largest adviser in the world with just over $3 trillion under contract which at that time was about 50% of the entire US national debt. No one had ever had such a role in world foreign exchange markets. I was fortunate to have a front row seat during the entire evolution of the floating exchange rate system. That was never a subject that could be taught in university since the last such floating exchange rate period predated the first course in economics which began at Cambridge University in 1902.

I have been trained, not by some university which could never teach anything to do with the Floating Exchange Rate System, but by the markets and my clients. The person who came up with the very concept of supply and demand was also a trader who had been in the trading room of Amsterdam — the first trading center post Dark Age. His name was John Law (1671-1729), who was also plagiarized by just about everyone else.

Some things can only be discovered by actually observing them from the trading floor. They do not appear out of thin air from a dream. What I learned about the world economy involving foreign exchange and observing capital flows between nations and currencies could only be accomplished by life experience. Likewise, John Law observed the basic human reactions and formed his idea of supply and demand with its impact upon price.

A trader does not have the luxury of clinging to old theories. If you are wrong, you must respond quickly. Knowledge is gained ONLY from making mistakes and surviving our own decisions.

 

How Will Europe Respond to Being the Source of the Crisis?


QUESTION: Dear Martin,
You have discussed the structural design flaw in the euro being due to the lack of consolidation of EU countries’ debt, as well as, EU policies that prohibit bank bailouts. Why could EU policies regarding the prohibition of bank bailouts just not be changed to allow for bailouts? If I understand correctly, wasn’t it also the case that the ECB was not legally allowed to buy EU country sovereign debt? That law was either changed or ignored (I’m not sure which) during the European sovereign debt crisis earlier this decade to allow for the ECB to buy sovereign bonds, which then brought down sovereign debt yields.

Correct?
Thank you for helping us all to grow in our understanding of what confronts us.
Sincerely,
WJ

ANSWER: Everything would function so much better if we had rational leadership. The problem is simply that government will NEVER avert a crisis. They must first experience the crisis before they will ever consider changing the policy. Yes, it seems easy to just fix the problem now. However, I can talk face-to-face until my face turns blue. They will NEVER prevent a crisis. Politicians know that they ONLY look authoritative when they respond to a crisis. Nobody will listen if they say they just prevent a crisis. People assume it is just BS.

Add to this reality the problem between domestic and international policy objectives. Politicians run for election, promising to do this or that, which all seems nice for it is presented to be within their power. That is what is under siege. The Federal Reserve has suddenly realized that it has become the central bank of the world. They were intending to lower rates to help emerging markets, Europe, and Japan. Then the Repo Crisis hit and the Fed was compelled to address the liquidity crisis. This was not about “stimulating” the economy, it was about preventing short-term interest rates from rising. In other words, the QE of 2008-2009 was about buying in long-term debt to try to lower long-term interest rates. Here the short-term rates were rising. Traditionally, the only thing a central bank can control is the short-term. The Repo Crisis exposed the fact that central banks are losing control of even the short-term.

 

Remember the inverted yield curve in the summer of 2019 that everyone said was a precursor to a recession? Ever since the Repo Crisis, the yield curve has steepened dramatically. This is confirming what I have been saying. This was never about stimulation, it was an attempt to prevent short-term rates from rising.

Therefore, the questions become: (1) Will Europe respond and realize that their no-bailout policy will create a worldwide banking contagion and crisis? (2) If they do recognize that they are the source of a worldwide crisis, how long will it take them to respond and reverse their policy? (3) Will they accept responsibility or blame the rest of the world?

Rational people respond completely differently than politicians who cannot publicly admit they were wrong.