The Economic Confidence Model v the 80-Year Cyclical Theory


Posted originally on Jul 3, 2025 by Martin Armstrong 

SixthWaveDetailed

The concept of cycles is becoming accepted in Western culture. Recently, people have been focusing on what they deem the 80-year cyclical theory, which marks a significant shift in humanity. While this may be true, as it takes a few generations to change society, they are not incorporating the additional nuisances associated with the true Economic Confidence Model.

The 80-year theory, also known as the Strauss–Howe generational theory, posits that there are four 20-year cycles or turnings that culminate in a cataclysmic event. For example, some are using 2024 as the starting point, which brings us back to 1944 when America was at the cusp of World War II. Going back an additional 80 years would bring us to 1864, the year of the US Civil War. Taking it back even further, we arrive at 1784 when the Revolutionary War ended.

Now, absolutely everything is connected, and garnering the most accurate forecasts requires peering out at society and the global economy. The problem with the 80-year theory is that it was developed from a solely American viewpoint, as it was designed to explain the history and future of the United States.

26 309.6 Wave 1727.65 2037.25AD

The Economic Confidence Model, at a basic level, sees waves of 8.6 years building in intensity, amounting to six waves to construct a major long wave of 51.6 years. What you get at the end of these 51.6-year waves is very profound. After the 1774.95 peak, we end up with a revolution against the monarchy. The next wave peak in 1826.55 produced the Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828, Greek War of Independence, Battle of Monte Santiago between Brazil and Argentina, Mexican Constitution is formed, the Maryland Democratic Party begins creating the confrontation between the Democrats and Republicans (South v North) which sets the stage for the American Civil War in 1861, and even Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both died on the 4th of July 1826 (1826.50) marking the end of the generation of Enlightenment whereas the peak of the wave was July 19th. The next wave, 1878, saw the Long Depression, which was called the “Great Depression” until 1929-1932. The next wave peak of 1929,75 produced the takeover of the West by socialists. Then the next wave was 1981.35, which marked the peak in interest rates even to the day.

Each of these events shifted society as a whole. Capital concentration shifted profoundly, altering nations. Nothing exists in isolation. The major wave is expected to be in 2032, and this will be followed by a shift in economic power from the West to the 

New Report Finds Miscarriage and Pregnancy Loss Among COVID Vaccinated Mothers


Posted originally on Jul 3, 2025 by Martin Armstrong

Pregnant

The biological warfare unleashed on the global population should not be a forgotten war. A new study observed miscarriages and pregnancy losses among mothers-to-be who received the COVID-19 vaccination during gestational weeks 8-13 and 14-27, respectively. Researchers also noted the impact on unborn babies of mothers injected with the influenza vaccination as a comparison.

The Israeli study analyzed 226,395 pregnancies and found that 1.1% of women lost their babies when given the COVID-19 vaccination after week 24 of pregnancy. An alarming 2.7% of women who received a COVID-19 vaccination in the early weeks of pregnancy suffered the loss of a pregnancy. The study also factored in expected losses due to natural events. Those who received dose 1 during 8-13 weeks experienced a higher-than-expected number of fetal losses of approximately 18 vs. 9 for every 100 exposed pregnancies.

Most pregnancy losses occurred after gestational week 20, with half of deaths happened after week 25. Mothers who received dose three of the vaccine during weeks 8 to 13 exhibited a higher-than-expected number of fetal deaths with nearly 1.9 (95% CI: 0.39-3.42]) additional fetal losses above expected per 100 pregnancies.

How does this compare to the typical influenza vaccination? Women vaccinated during weeks 8 to 27 of pregnancy exhibited a lower-than-expected number of fetal losses. Those who received the flu vaccine in weeks 8 to 13 had fewer losses of around 5 per 100 women vaccinated. The study also attributed this to health vaccine bias as those who received the influenzas vaccine were likely to be healthy to begin with and cleared by their doctor rather than forced by their government.

Israel has one of the highest global rates of vaccination, and although they did not issue a blanket mandate, the government provided the vaccinated with a “green pass” while shunning the others from accessing public venues. The Israeli Ministry of Health, along with every other health agency, urged pregnant women to receive the COVID-19 vaccination and explicitly advised all pregnant women in their second and third trimester to take the mRNA vaccine. The government found that women were most likely to take the untested vaccine if their physician recommended doing so. Every tactic to coerce the population into willingly accepting the vaccine was unleashed.

The Israeli Ministry of Health continues to recommend that pregnant women accept the vaccination, and if their babies survive, they can begin to take the COVID-19 vaccinations at 6 months of age. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the HHS in the United States changed their recommendations in recent months and no longer encourage healthy pregnant women to take the vaccine, likely solely due to Robert F. Kennedy Jr becoming the HHS Secretary.

“As of today, the COVID vaccine for healthy children and healthy pregnant women has been removed from the CDC recommended immunization schedule,” Kennedy said in May 2025. “Last year, the Biden administration urged healthy children to get yet another COVID shot despite the lack of any clinical data to support the repeat booster strategy in children.”

The COVID-19 vaccination was never a medical necessity. There were no tests or studies conducted. Global governments aligned to attack the global population with an experimental vaccine that they insisted was safe and effective.

Another Sanctuary City Watches Budget Implode


Posted originally on Jul 3, 2025 by Martin Armstrong 

Denver sanctuary city AP 1182020

Yet another blue city is experiencing a substantial deficit due to government overspending. Denver Mayor Mike Johnston declared in May that the city was facing a $50 million budget deficit for the current fiscal year that is expected to explode to $200 million by 2026.

The city’s general fund reserves have declined from $391 million in 2022 to $299 million in 2024. The city plans to cut the general fund spending by 12%, a steeper cut than what was experienced during the COVID pandemic. The city has already implemented a hiring freeze for public workers and layoffs are expected. “We will have to look at layoffs,” Johnston said. “We do not envision a scenario where it’s possible to right-size this budget without that impact on personnel.”

Money Down Toilet

Denver spent $356 million on migrants, and the mayor plans to continue fighting deportation efforts. All of these sanctuary cities are experiencing steep deficits, and they act perplexed as to why. Roughly 45,000 migrants have made their way to Denver since 2022, according to the Common Sense Institute (CSI). The local healthcare system cannot accommodate the large influx, but the city has spent $49 million on migrant healthcare after 8,000 migrants recorded around 20,000 visits to Denver Health alone last year. Doctors are calling the strain on the system a “humanitarian crisis” that has pushed the state hospital system to a breaking point. The hospital was forced to remove 15 beds in 2023 after finishing FY2022 $22 million above budget.

In February 2024, Denver voted to cut public services by $5 million to redistribute costs to migrants. The city acknowledged that taxpayers were on the hook for a $180 million bill in 2024 to host illegal aliens. The city spent, on a low estimate, $40 million on migrants in 2023. These politicians have absolutely no scope of the true cost of paying for unemployed migrants who do not contribute to society. They refuse to address the core problem because that would unmask the true motive behind the deliberate and calculated invasion.

Another blue city favorite is misappropriating funds to combat the homelessness epidemic. They continue to throw money at the problem without resolution. In 2024 alone, Denver spend $242 million on assisting the homeless population, with $30 million going toward rental assistance.

Denver allocated $4 BILLION for its basic income project that provides unconditional cash payments to the homeless with no strings attached. By the end of 2024, the city will have paid out over $10.8 billion to people who are unable to contribute to society. The city is robbing the working class to pay for those who prefer to rely on government assistance.

We will see more cities slash their budgets as they realize they simply cannot afford to bankroll tens of thousands of migrants. These city leaders are refusing to cooperate with ICE due to their hatred of Trump and are willing to allow their deficits to sink into the ground before acknowledging the main culprit of their financial burdens. This will lead to increased civil unrest as Americans watch their quality of life decline due to their taxes being misused for political purposes. The asinine amount of money American citizens pay in taxes should not be spent on people from foreign nations, be it on wars or migrants.

Los Angeles is Broke – City Declares Fiscal Emergency


Posted originally on Jul 2, 2025 by Martin Armstrong 

DeficitQuoteReagan.GovernmentSpending

The city of Los Angeles declared a state of fiscal emergency amid a $1 billion deficit. The council approved of the emergency declaration unanimously in a 14-0 vote. This comes after Mayor Karen Bass approved a $14 billion budget for the fiscal year that began on July 1. The city is a prime example of what happens when socialist policies are allowed to run rampant at the expense of the people.

Bass approved of raising the budget from $12.9 billion in FY2024-25 to $14 billion in 2025-26 despite the looming $1 billion deficit. Unsurprisingly, overspending is the main culprit for the deficit, and yet, lawmakers have every intention of spending more. Over 600 public sector workers will be let go as a result of fiscal mismanagement, and although small government is usually applaudable, the city plans to fire 248 LAPD employees, 44 sanitation workers, and 41 firefighters. LA is experiencing a significant uptick in crime, but plans to defund the police to appease the mobs.

California Governor Gavin Newsom boasts of California’s robust economy but fails to acknowledge that it’s a state basically living “paycheck-to-paycheck,” with the payee being the taxpayer. Read the state’s plan to cover its budget deficits – endless taxes. Spending growth from 2025-26 to 2028-29 is 5.8%, above the average of 3.5%. Growth over the same period is just above 4%, “lower than its historical average, largely due to policy choices that end during the forecast window. Taken together, we view it as unlikely that revenue growth will be fast enough to catch up to ongoing spending.” Even residents who choose or are forced to leave the state will incur taxes to cover government thievery. Los Angeles is one of countless examples of how the public sector will virtue signal to rob Peter, not to pay Paul, but to pay themselves, as they are not hiding the corruption.

governmentspendingtaxes

Liability costs totaled $546 million in the past years, as there have been numerous lawsuits, mainly involving the Los Angeles Police Department, which is forbidden by law to enforce order. The city refused to budget for these growing legal battles. Not only does the city plan to fire officers, but they also reduced hiring by 50% last year, recruiting 240 new officers instead of the 480 needed to patrol the city.

I’ve reported numerous times how California uses the homeless epidemic to fund NGOs that merely steal from the taxpayers. Mayor Bass stated she plans to cut 10% of funding to the “Inside Safe” program. The city has spent millions on combating homelessness, and the numbers continue to rise.

Crime is more expensive than funding the LAPD. Criminals have cost the city of Los Angeles an estimated $7.6 billion annually. Gang violence alone costs the city around $1 billion per year, according to the Vera Institute of Justice, which is half of the annual budget of the LAPD. The California Department of Justice has acknowledged that property crime has risen in recent years and accounts for  60–70% of total losses. Yet, violent demonstrations are permitted to occur whenever Washington enacts a policy that displeases the Democrats.

Blue policies such as the net-zero climate initiative have caused businesses to flee Los Angeles and California as a whole. From 2020 to the present day, over 164 companies have left California. In the last year, 12 major companies like SpaceX, Chevron, X, and KFC have fled CA for TX. Los Angeles shed 106 corporate headquarters between 2018 and 2024, the second-highest number of losses in US metros behind San Francisco/San Jose.

Taxpayers are fleeing the state en masse. State and local taxes are among the highest in the nation and disproportionately harm the middle and upper classes to fund the growing public sector. Energy costs have skyrocketed, with major refiners abandoning California. Gas is expected to rise 75% by 2026, and residents are already paying the highest price for gas in the nation. The cost of living is exorbitant. Those who can have already fled as the government must continue to leech of the taxpayers to fund their failures.

There should be checks and balances against these elected officials who recklessly spend with no end in sight. Downsizing the police force is a political move that will only cause crime and the costs associated with crime to rise. Los Angeles is becoming a failed city as a direct result of socialist policies that have historically NEVER worked.

43% of Americans Near Poverty Place Essential Purchases on Credit


Posted originally on Jul 2, 2025 by Martin Armstrong 

Credit Cards

The PYMNTS Intelligence report “Financial Lifestyles Shape Credit Reliance” revealed that American consumers are struggling to afford the basic essentials. Prices have been elevated since the worldwide pandemic shutdown the global economy and have not gone down in a meaningful way. The study found that 43% of American households who are a paycheck away from poverty cannot afford the essentials without using credit.

The report surveyed 2,298 consumers and categorized them into three financial brackets: those who do not live paycheck to paycheck, those who live paycheck to paycheck comfortably, and those who live paycheck to paycheck and struggle to pay bills.

The 43% of households living paycheck to paycheck with difficulties are eight times more likely to depend on credit cards for the essentials. This group was also six times as likely to rely on credit cards for non-essential purchases. Consumers in this category are placing 41% of all essential purchases on credit and sinking deeper into debt. Around 56% of Americans who do not live paycheck to paycheck are also purchasing essentials with credit, albeit many are using credit cards for points and incentives offered through their credit agencies. Struggling households are far more likely to rely on personal or payday loans, with 31% reporting taking out a loan for the essentials.

“While financially stable individuals may use credit extensively to maximize benefits like rewards, those facing financial strain often depend on it simply to cover essential costs. Understanding the distinct behaviors and needs of the struggling paycheck-to-paycheck consumer is crucial for financial institutions,” the study notes

Those who are not living paycheck to paycheck use credit strategically to maximize incentives and credit scores. Those living comfortably paycheck to paycheck do not face significant financial stress and use credit as a financial mitigation tool. Then there is a segment of the population that needs credit as their lifeline.

Groceries are the top item that Americans are pulling out their cards to buy, with 44.1% reportingly needing to use credit to buy food. Approximately 27.5% reported relying on credit for clothing and accessories, 27% stated they needed credit for monthly bills, 18.6% for vehicle maintenance, and 15.3% for healthcare-related expenses.

America’s middle class has been shrinking for decades. According to Pew Research Center61% of adults were considered “middle class” in 1971, but that figure sank to around 51% by 2025. The issue here is that there is an increasing number of households falling into poverty who must rely on the government for essentials. This is what the globalists and Marxists want to see—You Will Own Nothing and Be Happy. Consumer behavior is a telling sign and credit can only be stretched so far until one can no longer borrow. The fact that most are reportingly needing to use credit to afford food indicates that the welfare state is likely to increase, and those costs are passed on to the taxpayers, who then may go from “comfortable” to “struggling.”

Trump Lifts Sanctions on Syria


Posted originally on Jul 2, 2025 by Martin Armstrong 

Syria Map

The United States has officially lifted sanctions on Syria via an executive order signed by Donald Trump. This historic achievement marks the end of a 45-year sanction period enacted back in December 1979 when Syria was declared a state sponsor of terrorism.

“The sanctions were brutal and crippling and served as an important — really an important function — nevertheless, at the time. But now it’s their time to shine … So, I say, ‘Good luck, Syria.’ Show us something very special,” Trump stated on May 13 when he first announced plans to remove sanctions. Trump further stated that he hopes the new Syrian government “will hopefully succeed in stabilizing the country in keeping peace,” which should not be a problem considering the United States installed the current government.

Sharaa.Jihad_

Investments are pouring into Syria, and the nation is officially debt-free. Syria is still in dire condition after its 14-year conflict and is fighting to rebuild its basic infrastructure. The people of Syria are living in atrocious conditions. Over half the nation is food insecure, half cannot access water, and the majority barely have access to electricity. An estimated 90% of the public lives well below the poverty line. GDP plummeted by two-thirds since 2011, and the Syrian pound also fell by two-thirds in 2023 alone.

Before the world cut off Syria through sanctions in 2011, Syria’s GDP was around $61 billion USD. The sanctions coincided with the outbreak of civil war. War produces absolutely nothing and only detracts from an economy. Syria’s economy shrank by 85% in the past 14 years, with GDP reaching a mere $9 billion in 2024.

Lifting sanctions is a massive step toward rebuilding Syria. Nations are eager to pour investments into the nation and begin profiting. All of this is dependent on peace. The US has the right to reimplement sanctions at any time if the current regime loses control.

Ring of Fire Is Becoming Active on Schedule


Posted originally on Jul 1, 2025 by Martin Armstrong 

VOLCANOES Y Array 11 29 22

QUESTION: Marty, your model on volcanoes had correctly forecast this surge in activity in the Ring of Fire for 2025. Do you view this as part of the warning that we are headed into global cooling, rather than warming? Why does the media refuse to highlight all the correct events your computer has been able to forecast when nobody else comes close?

AP

ANSWER: This has been my concern. Climate News just reported: “The Pacific Ring of Fire has witnessed an alarming surge in seismic activity throughout 2024 and early 2025.” I have tried to help society, but those who opposed me cannot even now admit that what they were doing was taking control of the computer by sheer force. I reported back in 2022 that the low would be in 2019, which was the point from which the activity would begin to rise. As you see, we have a string of Directional Changes into 2030. However, take a close look and you will see a Panic Cycle in 2031.

I’m sorry, these climate experts offer personal opinions. It takes an objective viewpoint to see what honestly lies ahead in this journey we call life. The media will never report on what Socrates has done. It would discredit everything they have been saying for years.

Anti-Government Protests Sweep Serbia


Posted originally on Jul 1, 2025 by Martin Armstrong 

vucic.serbia

Anti-government protests swept throughout Serbia over the weekend, with tens of thousands taking to the streets to demand change. The student-led protests began eight months ago after the government covered up a railway station canopy collapse that claimed the lives of 16 people, but the discontent with government began many years ago. The Serbian people are now demanding early parliamentary elections and the resignation of President Aleksandar Vučić.

Tens of thousands of protestors took to the streets in the capital of Belgrade on Sunday and Monday, blocking a main bridge over the Sava River. In Novi Saf, protestors surrounded the office of the ruling populist Serbian Progressive Party and pelted it with eggs. Vucic deemed these acts domestic terrorism. “Serbia won. You cannot destroy Serbia with violence,” said Vucic. “They consciously wanted to spur bloodshed. The time of accountability is coming.” Yet, protestors believe the current administration is “illegitimate,” and the anger intensified after Vucic announced that the next national vote would not take place before the end of 2026.

Serbia no longer has the freedom of the press as entities closely linked to Vucic and his administration own the majority of Serbian media outlets. Opposition parties do not have access to state television and are silenced. Independent journalists have been murdered in suspicious cases.

Vucic has rotated between prime minister and president roles to retain control for over 12 years. The people believe that the elections are rigged with reports of NGOs participating in voter intimidation and vote-buying. Instances of third-party illegal polling stations were common. Since the ruling party controls all state media, it controls the narrative.

The European Parliament called for an international investigation into voting irregularities after the 2023 election, threatening to withhold funds if it found evidence of voter fraud. Yet, voting was repeated at 43 separate polling stations due to irregularities. Every independent assessment found that while the elections were technically held in a democratic manner, the ruling party has extreme systemic advantages that slanted the election in their favor.

Serbia, a non-NATO member that has refused to impose sanctions on Russia, remains in a unique position that could cause external forces to intervene under the guise of supporting democracy. Aligning with the models, Serbia experienced significant unrest in 2023-2024 over election fraud allegations with tensions coming to a head in March 2025. The Balkans have been a historic battleground for the beginning of global conflict. Based on the model, the unrest will not quell and Serbia, as others, will continue to destabilize into 2027.

Building the Largest Army in Europe


Posted originally on Jul 1, 2025 by Martin Armstrong 

GermanyUkraineWarPropogandaRecruitment

They say it takes a generation to reshape the way a nation views its military allegiance. Germany dwindled its military capacity significantly after its defeat in the last world war, wearing their loss as a badge of shame. Neither the people nor the government wanted to reinvigorate Germany’s military power after the destructive nation building and expansion under the Third Reich. The times have changed, as they always do, and Germany is now on the defensive. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz envisions forming the largest army in Europe.

“Building up our military is our top priority,” said Merz. “From now on, the federal government will provide the military with as much money as it needs to ensure it becomes Europe’s strongest armed force. We are Europe’s most populous country and Europe’s biggest economy, and nothing less should be expected from us. Our partners not only expect this — they demand it.”

Merz stated that Germany will spend 3.5% of its GDP on military defense over the next decade, placing spending as a percentage on par with the United States. Germany already found a loophole to spend on defense indefinitely after declaring an emergency and deciding to ignore prior military spending limits. The Germany government now plans to spend $400 billion on defense alone through 2029. Simultaneously, the nation will not cut social programs or readjust its overall budget as a constitutional amendment now permits lawmakers to bypass the debt brake and borrow in perpetuity without calculating that spending in the federal budget.

War drummer_clear

Germany believes it is on the right side of history due to its backing of Ukraine, the world’s favorite underdog. A refugee favorite, the nation has allowed 1.2 million Ukrainians into its borders since the war began. The nation hit a record-high for population growth in 2022 due to the number of migrants it has accepted.

Now, Germany provides more funding to Ukraine than any other European nation, and is third globally behind the US and UK. Merz has been an outspoken critic of the United States under Donald Trump due to his reluctance to support Ukraine, and he believes he build an iron-clad military so powerful that the entirety of Europe will no longer need to depend on America for defense.

The Bundeswehr, Germany’s military, currently has around 262,000 troops, but it would like to boldly increase its size with 200,000 additional troops and will spend €100 billion in a special fund to modernize its military. German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius said in May 2024 that he was “convinced” that Germany “needs a form of military conscription.” While there is no conscription, Germans are required to register for a potential draft before they turn 18. By June of 2024, I was informed by multiple personal sources that this registration had been extended to include women. One reliable source informed me that her female family friend was sent a notice to register at 59 years old.

Germany is the core foundation of the entire European economy. As they used to say about America, if it catches a cold, the rest of the world suffers pneumonia. Germany’s trajectory toward war is not driven by a public desire for conflict, but by economic, political, and geopolitical pressures—and especially by its entanglement with the European Union, its energy crisis and the collapse of fiscal discipline across Europe. Net Zero initiatives and cutting off cheap Russian gas drastically hurt the German economy by raising energy costs and stifling its auto market. The entire European Union is collapsing, with Germany at the center as the bloc’s primary financier. The EU needs war to maintain the illusion of control, and Germany must be at the frontlines as the bloc’s richest nation.

NYC Mayoral Candidate Wants to Tax White Neighborhoods


Posted originally on Jul 1, 2025 by Martin Armstrong 

WhiteNeighborhoodsNYCmayor

New York City’s far-left mayoral candidate Zohran Mamdani is the human embodiment of the WOKE Socialist agenda. His “progressive” views are based on policies that have failed countless times. Mamdani’s most recent proposal has sparked controversy as he believes that predominantly white neighborhoods should pay higher taxes.

Socialists feed on increased taxation to support the welfare state, which comprises their voter base. They need people who are utterly dependent on big government to gain and maintain control. Equality to a Socialist means that everyone is equal in poverty. Not only does he want to raise property taxes, but he stated that “wealthier and predominantly white neighborhoods” in New York City should disproportionately shoulder the majority of the tax burden.

That’s right—he wants to raise taxes on people based on skin color. Naturally, he would have been banished from politics and forced to step down if he spewed this rhetoric at any other demographic. “That is just a description of what we see right now. It’s not driven by race. It’s more of an assessment of what neighborhoods are being under-taxed versus over-taxed,” the mayoral candidate confessed.

NYC ECM 51.6 year

Unfortunately, our models indicate that NYC will decline sharply in 2026. I warned in 2021 that the city was heading into a crash mode. It is fascinating how the 309.6-year cycle, marked by the time when NYC was on the brink of bankruptcy in 1975, aligns precisely with the year NYC was founded in 1665. It is striking how closely New York has followed the ECM model, which does not bode well for what is to come.

His proposed policy, “Stop the Squeeze on NYC Homeowners,” is based on the belief that less affluent neighborhoods are overtaxed. The plan would redistribute the tax burden from outer boroughs like Brownsville and Jamaica to more affluent neighborhoods where the demographic is predominantly white. In his words, he wants to target “predominantly white” neighborhoods specifically. The additional tax revenue will first fund the coffers of big government, which will multiply in size, and then seek to provide social programs to the “undertaxed,” such as universal childcare, free public transportation, rent freezes, and city-run grocery stores. Astonishing that a candidate could propose price controls and receive support.

Taxing white neighborhoods is one of many methods Mamdani plans to use to squeeze out every last penny from NYC residents. He said he approved of raising corporate taxes, income taxes, property taxes, and sales taxes, among others. The rich may be the first target, but his voter base does not realize that these taxes will eventually be passed on to absolutely everyone. The city could never profit enough in taxes to fund these social programs, and instead of shrinking government or admitting to failed policies, they will continue to raise the cost of living to fund those who completely rely on big government.

There is no quantifiable plan to fund these programs that sound nice on the campaign trail. It is not economically feasible. NYC residents already pay some of the highest taxes in the nation. Those in affluent neighborhoods pay far more into state and local taxes through income, property, sales—the list goes on, as there is nothing that the city will not slap a tax on and continue to raise year after year.

Cities begin to fall into ruin when high-net-worth individuals flee, and the government no longer has access to pockets to dip into. No one would have imagined something of this nature could happen in New York City, but realtors have begun reporting a surge in new home listings as higher-net-worth individuals want to get out before it’s too late. This is merely one of countless disastrous policies Mamdani is proposing.

The only people who succeed in such a system are the ruling elite who enjoy power and wealth created by corruption. The more the government tries to control the economy, the more freedom it must take away to enforce its policies. This is why every socialist system ultimately descends into authoritarianism. History proves this time and time again, yet people continue to believe that “this time will be different.”